装药结构对发射药等离子体点火延迟的影响

通过等离子体点火中止燃烧试验研究了发射药装药结构对等离子体点火性能的影响及其相互作用规律.利用等离子体点火燃烧中止装置、压力传感器和瞬态数据采集系统等,测量得到了太根药及单基药等的燃烧中止压力-时间曲线和点火延迟时间,分析了装填密度、等离子体喷孔与发射药的距离以及装药方式等对等离子体点火延迟时间的影响.试验结果表明:增大装填密度以及发射药与等离子体喷孔距离,点火延迟时间变长.在等离子体能量流场的相同位置,装药方式的改变对发射药的点火和燃烧影响不大,点火延迟时间也没有太大差异.     

再生式液体发射药火炮点火和喷射模拟

由于再生式液体发射药火炮的结构复杂，故数值模拟对研究内弹道参数对系统的影响具有重要作用。该文在再生式液体发射药火炮点火、喷射实验基础上，对这一过程建立了数学物理模型，并进行了数值模拟，计算结果与实验结果吻合较好，研究结果对改善再生式液体发射药火炮内弹道循环具有指导意义和实用价值。     

单室多推力轮孔装药设计方法

该文针对提高火箭密集度及装填密度的要求，设计了双辐条轮孔装药药型。根据装药几何形状，导出了在火箭发动机工作过程中燃烧面积及通道截面积变化规律的计算公式。根据装药工艺及推力方案设计要求，提出了双辐条轮了孔装药设计方法。利用该文提出的装药药型及数学模型进行火箭发动机装药设计，不但能够有效地提高中小型火箭发动机的装填密度，而且还能够根据弹道设计要求，获得多种推力方案。     

火炮发射过程中装药响应数值模拟研究

为研究火炮发射过程弹体内部装药的响应,采用节点约束-分离模拟方法对PBX9501炸药装药进行损伤数值模拟,采用Visco-SCRAM模型进行点火数值模拟,计算分别得到了PBX9501装药损伤和点火的临界弹体初速. 研究结果表明,采用节点约束-分离方法可以较好地描述弹体发射过程中内部炸药装药的损伤响应, Visco-SCRAM模型和裂纹摩擦点火模型可以描述装药点火响应.     

基于两相流动理论的点传火优化仿真

该文以火炮射击安全性为背景 ,利用两相流理论建立了火炮膛内过程的点传火优化仿真模型。以膛内压力波作为优化目标 ,对药包点火和中心点火管点火2种不同的点火方式进行了点传火条件的优化分析 ,并与实验结果进行了比较 ,两者有较好的一致性。这说明基于两相流动理论的优化仿真模型具有一定的可信度 ,它必将为火炮的装药及其点传火设计提供一种新的理论方法和工具     

低温感包覆火药燃烧过程破孔规律研究

为了模拟低温感包覆火药在混合装药中的燃烧过程,该文对常温中止实验后低温感包覆火药的表面进行了三维视频显微镜观察,对包覆火药的燃烧过程进行了分析。在中止实验的基础上,研究了装药条件如点火压力、主装药与包覆火药配比、装填密度对破孔的影响规律,建立了破孔规律模型,给出了该模型在燃烧计算中的处理方法。用密闭爆发器实验和内弹道实验对模型进行了验证。结果显示,计算得到的p-t曲线与实验符合较好。     

短管炮模块装药两相流内弹道模拟

大口径火炮模块发射装药通常由多个模块组成,流场结构复杂。该文对燃烧场进行分区模化,并在此基础上给出两相流内弹道理论模型和计算步骤,编制程序对短管试验炮膛内发射过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,膛内的压力、压差及弹丸速度等参量的理论计算结果与实验吻合得较好,模拟结果有较高的置信度。该模型和计算程序可用于模块装药结构火炮内弹道模拟、装药设计和安全性能分析     

包覆火药破孔规律的研究

为了弄清包覆火药降低温度系数，提高初速的机理，该文用中止实验的方法研究了包覆火药的破孔过程，给出了破孔率及破孔率温度系数的定义，讨论了破孔率与温度、压力以及装填密度的关系，分析了破孔率温度系数与弹道温度系数的一致性。这对建立包覆火药装药的内弹道模型和包覆火药的质量检测标准以及预估包覆火药装药的弹道温度系数都具有重要意义。     

串联双药室火炮经典内弹道模型及数值模拟

串联双药室火炮运用了一种新型发射原理,在膛压不高的情况下,可提高弹丸的初速,这对于现有火炮的改造具有广泛应用前景。该文建立了串联双药室火炮的经典内弹道模型,并进行了数值模拟,讨论了不同因素对内弹道性能的影响。计算结果表明,（１）装药质量比例对初速影响较大,有一个最佳值;（２）点火延迟也有一个最佳值,太大火药烧不完,太小起不到接力效果;（３）初速随活塞质量的变化是先增大而后减少。文末分析了串联双药室火炮的发展动向及应用前景     

大口径高速平衡炮发射安全性分析

203mm口径的平衡炮要求将90kg的弹丸发射至960m/s以上的初速,这对装药结构提出了很高的要求,其安全性是影响大口径高速平衡炮研制成功与否的根本性问题.建立了平衡炮管状药一维两相流内弹道数学物理模型,并针对平衡炮大药量、长装药、厚弧厚的装药要求或特点,进行了几种不同点火、传火和分段装药条件下膛内发射流场的状态分布特征模拟,分析结果表明,由于装药结构合理,使得整个药床点火比较均匀,减缓了火药床的挤压和堆积,满足了安全性能设计要求.文中建立的内弹道模型适用于其他口径的平衡炮,可以指导大药室、管状药特别是分段装填情况下的装药设计.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with