PTPD/Alq3异质结电致发光二极管及其稳定性

采用新型的空穴传输材料三苯基二胺衍生物聚合物（PTPD）制成了ITO（氧化铟锡）／PTPD／Alq3（8-羟基喹啉铝）／Mg：Ag异质结电致发光器件，考察了其电致发光特性．结果表明，当Alq3厚度很薄（小于或等于10nm）时，器件仅为PTPD层特征发光；当Alq3厚度达到50nm时，器件仅为Alq3层特征发光．将所制得的器件与典型的ITO／TPD／Alq3／Mg：Ag器件进行了比较，发现稳定性明显提高，其原因是盯PD的热稳定性高、成膜质量好．     

多三苯胺取代咔唑、氧芴、硫芴空穴传输性能的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了多三苯胺取代咔唑、氧芴及硫芴三类化合物(TnC、TnDF、TnDT,n=1~4)的结构和光电性质.结果表明,芳香环中杂原子N、O、S的影响相对较小,三类化合物的结构、电化学及光学性质主要取决于三苯胺取代基的数目,即取代基数目增加,热稳定性增强,空穴传输性能提高,吸收光谱和发射光谱红移.计算发现,设计的化合物T4DF和T4DT与T4C类似,其热稳定性和空穴传输性能优于常用材料N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-二(1-萘基)-(1,1-联苯基)-4,4'-二胺(NPB)和N,N'-二(3-甲苯基)-N,N'-二(苯基)联苯胺(TPD),有望成为空穴传输型材料.     

TPD的传输与发光性质

研究了三苯基二胺（TPD）在电致发光中的传输与发光性质。观察到真空积淀的TDP薄膜光谱的达维道夫（Davydov）劈裂,用原子力显微镜（AFM）比较了退火前后TPD薄膜的表面形貌,测定了退火后TPD单层EL器件所发射的光谱,分析了在双层EL器件中TPD的电荷传输作用,从而证明了双层界面上电子空穴的复合得到增强。     

高聚物作为空穴传输材料的研究

有机电致发光一直是学术界的一个研究热点。其核心材料主要包括发光材料，电子传输材料和空穴传输材料。介绍了高聚物空穴传输材料的研究进展情况，探讨了高聚物空穴传输材料的分子结构与器件性能的关系。     

具有异质结的聚合物有机薄膜电致发光器件

本文报道了由一层电子传输材料ＰＰＱ和一层空穴传输材料ＰＤＤＯＰＶ构成的有机聚合物异常结发光二极管的实验结果。虽然双层器件的点亮电压高于由纯ＰＤＤＯＰＶ构成的单层器件,但是它在一定电压下,电流密度降低了一个数量级,而亮度却提高了近两个数量级。     

一种含叔丁基的螺二芴类空穴传输材料的制备及性能表征

以一端含有叔丁基的二氨基螺二芴化合物为起始原料,经过桑德迈尔反应与Ullman反应,制备出一种螺二芴类空穴传输材料,玻璃化温度高于320℃,远高于目前广泛使用的空穴传输材料(NPB).目标分子用作电致磷光器件中的空穴传输层,所得到的器件与传统的器件(以NPB为空穴传输层)相比,其能量效率、电流效率和外量子效率等性能更为优越.且由于具有高的三线态能级,器件中不需要插入第二空穴传输层4,4',4″-三-(N-咔唑基)-三苯基胺(TCTA),提高了器件的效率,降低了器件的制作成本.作为有机电致发光(OLED)器件的空穴传输材料,其有望取代目前广泛使用的NPB,特别在有机电致磷光领域具有良好的实用前景.     

吡啶肼类衍生物在有机电致发光器件中的应用

有机电致发光材料的电子传输材料研究远落后于该领域的其他材料,需要开发出新型的电子传输材料,提高电子传输效率,改善器件性能.以合成的Pybispy和Pybisqu作为电子传输材料,制作了结构为玻璃基板/ITO阳极/空穴传输层/发光层/电子传输层/电子注入层/铝电极的有机电致发光器件,探讨了它们在有机电致发光器件中的性能,Pybispy和Pybisqu作为电子传输材料器件的最大发光亮度分别达到了218和5 980 cd/m2.结果显示该系列化合物具有电子传输性能,可应用于有机电致发光器件中的电子传输材料.     

单一白色发光层的OLED制备与发光性能研究

研制了两种类型单一白色发光层的有机电致发光器件(OLED),即小分子Zn(BTZ)2的掺杂型器件：ITO／PVK：TPD／Zn(BTZ)2：Rubrene／Al和聚合物LPPP的混合型器件：ITO／混合型发光层／Al,获得了较高的器件亮度和发光效率,且色坐标均非常接近于白色等能点,进而对上述器件的发光和电学性能进行了初步研究。     

DCJTB掺杂浓度对有机电致白光器件性能的影响

通过改变红色荧光材料DCJTB的掺杂浓度设计了四个不同结构的器件,当DCJTB的掺杂浓度为0.8%时,平衡了器件中电子和空穴的传输能力,使载流子复合形成激子的几率增加,即使载流子的传输能力最优,又有效地抑制了器件的荧光淬灭效应,提高了器件的性能,器件的最大亮度为8 898 cd/cm2,最大效率为1.7 cd/A。     

可溶性聚合物薄膜发光器件的电致发光

采用脱氯化氢反应合成出氯仿可溶性的ＭＥＨ－ＰＰＶ聚合物,用ＭＥＨ－ＰＰＶ作为发光材料制备了单层结构ＩＴＯ／ＭＥＨ－ＰＰＶ／Ａｌ和双层结构ＩＴＯ／ＭＥＨ－ＰＰＶ／Ａｌｑ３／Ａｌ电致发光器件,测量了器件的电致发光谱、Ｉ－Ｖ特性和Ｂ－Ｖ特性,利用能级理论分析了器件的发光特性了随器件结构的不同所具有的规律,实验表明,单层结构器件和双层结构器件的发光出现在ＭＥＨ－ＰＰＶ层,当加入Ａｌｑ３电子传输层／空穴阻挡     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.