闭式循环柴油机工作过程的模拟计算研究

根据闭循环柴油机在“人造大气”条件下工作的特点，进行了闭式循环柴油机工作过程的模拟计算，计算结果表明，不同进气成分对闭式循环柴油机的性能具有很大影响，通过在进气中添加氩气或增大进气氧浓度的办法可使其性能参数达到常规柴油机的水平。     

基于PLC控制的闭式循环柴油机系统实现

柴油机排出的废气被回收到混合箱与纯氧气混合，形成“人造大气”，由此作为柴油机的进气，实现柴油机闭式循环工作．闭式循环柴油机系统中，控制系统基于可编程控制器设计，利用INTOUCH7．0编制的监控界面，实现了系统工作参数实时显示、采集及故障报警．     

闭式循环柴油机中CO_2的吸收与吸收剂的再生

排气中ＣＯ２的脱除是水下内燃动力装置的技术关键，基于闭式循环柴油机工作过程模拟计算的结果，阐明了进气中ＣＯ２浓度对发动机性能的影响，指出了提高ＣＯ２脱除率的必要性；同时着重论述了适用于水下闭式循环柴油机的ＣＯ２气体的吸收方法及吸收剂的再生问题，以期为吸收剂的合理选择提供依据。     

闭式循环柴油机中CO2的吸收与吸收剂的再生

排气中ＣＯ２的脱除是水下内燃动力装置的技术关键。基于闭式循环柴油机工作过程模拟计算的结果，阐明了进气中ＣＯ２浓度对发动机性能的影响，提出了提高ＣＯ２脱除率的必要性；同时着重论述了适用水下闭式循环柴油机的ＣＯ２气体的吸收方法及吸收剂的再生问题，以期为吸收剂的合理选择提供依据。     

闭式循环柴油机系统排放计算

采用准维多区燃烧模型，就氮气和氩气的不同配比以及水蒸汽成分对闭式循环柴油机排放氮氧化物的生成影响规律进行了研究得出了一些规律性结论，并探讨了其产生的原因。为在闭式循环条件下，减少氮氧化物生成及进一步减轻海水对二氧化碳吸收器和管路的腐蚀提供了指导。     

闭式循环柴油机(CCD)监控系统设计

设计了闭式循环柴油机(CCD)的监控系统．针对CCD系统的运行特点和特殊要求，基于系统分析和仿真研究，确定了CCD监控系统的体系结构和控制策略．在氧气补充控制中采用前馈—反馈控制方式．同时，分析了在CO2吸收控制中采用保持压力恒定和保持水流量恒定两种不同方式时控制系统的构成和工作机理．该系统能实时监视系统工作状况并同时考虑了系统的开、闭式转换和安全保障措施。     

无氮（O2/CO2）环境下柴油机燃烧规律的试验研究

文章针对同时控制柴油机NOx与碳烟排放的难题,进行了无氮(O2/CO2)环境下柴油机燃烧规律研究,设计了柴油机无氮燃烧的试验装置,从柴油机缸内压力、压力升高率和燃烧放热率3个方面,对比研究了柴油机常规进气和无氮进气条件下的燃烧规律。结果表明:在无氮进气条件下,柴油机可以稳定正常工作,其放热率高于常规进气条件。所得结果为柴油机大规模应用无氮燃烧技术提供了试验依据。     

增压柴油机进气系统尺寸配合对性能的影响

本文根据增压四冲程柴油机进气特点，假定进气气流为一元不可压缩准稳定的流动，推导出用无因次参数表示的进气系统部件尺寸配合的简化数学模型。按此方法确定的进气系统尺寸可提高充气系数而改善柴油机的经济性，并且已经为６１６０Ａ型增压四冲程柴油机的试验所证实。     

辅助加温对柴油机变海拔起动性能的影响

利用高原环境模拟试验台,以一台压缩比为14.25的增压直喷柴油机为试验对象,在0、3 000、4 500m海拔条件下进行了冷态(20℃)、30、40、50、60℃不同冷却液辅助加温起动、以及进气加热辅助起动试验,研究不同海拔条件下冷却液加温和进气加热辅助措施对柴油机起动性能的影响.结果表明:随着海拔的升高,低压缩比柴油机起动升速期出现做功能力差的子孕峰循环和做负功的失燃循环,降低了燃烧做功能力,升速期时间迅速延长,起动性能恶化.冷却液加温和进气加热可明显减少升速期子孕峰和失燃循环个数,恢复燃烧做功能力,改善起动性能.当冷却液温度达到某个温度界限后,进一步升高冷却液温度不能进一步改善子孕峰和失燃循环的出现机率,起动性能改善效果不明显.与进气加热比较,冷却液加温辅助起动措施在增加压缩终了温度的同时降低了摩擦阻力,对起动性能的改善效果优于进气加热.     

基于多孔介质燃烧的发动机理论热力循环分析

针对多孔介质发动机,建立了热力学理论模型,引入等温膨胀比,对经典的闭式和开式多孔介质发动机的热力循环过程进行分析,推导出多孔介质发动机热效率、循环功的计算公式,并采用压缩比系数建立了闭式和开式多孔介质发动机热力循环的关系.通过模拟计算,研究了传统发动机和闭式多孔介质发动机两种类型6种循环的理论热力过程,探讨其热效率、循环功随不同参数的变化及其与各参数之间的关系.分析发现,在理论热力循环中,闭式多孔介质发动机比传统发动机在循环功上有着较大优势,认为高速柴油机循环更适合采用多孔介质技术实现高效燃烧和超低排放.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with