利用隐空间投影算法的模型自适应方法

为了降低语音识别系统中噪声的影响,提出了一种利用隐空间投影算法的模型自适应方法。该方法利用状态间的相关性提取出反映码本和待识别语音共同特性的基矢量。由于语音与噪声是相互独立的,因此,当语音识别系统中有噪声存在时,认为不能用基矢量表示的那部分余量就是噪声。与本征音方法相比,该方法可以有效地降低噪声对语音识别系统的影响。该方法在提取基矢量时利用了自适应数据,并且节省了存储空间。实验结果表明:该方法在噪声环境下相对于最大似然线性回归自适应方法有4-9个百分点的提高,相对于最大后验概率和本征音方法有更大的提高。     

基于相关子空间本征音分析的MAP快速自适应

本征音自适应是一种快速自适应算法 ,它根据对说话人矢量全空间的本征分析指导参数更新。该文提出一种基于子空间分析的本征音自适应算法 ,并且不同于一般本征音自适应采用最大似然准则的做法 ,该算法用最大后验准则以更好地估计参数。实验证明 ,在仅有 1句自适应数据的情况下它即能取得 6 .4 5 %的相对误识率下降 ,自适应速度远快于传统的最大后验方法 ,也不存在最大似然线性回归方法在极少数据量情况下反而造成系统识别性能下降的现象。结果表明该方法并不明显依赖相关子空间的划分数量 ,是一种稳健的自适应方法     

汉语数码语音识别中一种新的抗噪声特征参数

为了提高中小词汇量语音识别系统在噪声环境下的识别性能,以10个汉语数码语音为对象,利用汉语数码语音信号区别于噪声信号的准周期特性,提出了一种汉语数码语音频谱包络峰值特性的提取方法,首先用基频对语音频谱采样得到由谐波值构成的包络以提高信噪比,然后再对所得包络进行峰值提取得到汉语数码语音的峰值特征。实验结果表明,在信噪比大于5dB时,用该方法得到的峰值特征具有一定的抗噪性。     

基于小波变换的说话人识别技术

说话人识别技术是通过判断待识别人语音与预先提取的说话人语音特征是否匹配来鉴别说话人身份的一种生物认证技术,环境噪声是说话人识别技术走向实用化的一个主要障碍.针对噪声环境中说话人识别性能较差的不足,结合小波变换的优点,提出了将小波变换技术与传统的特征参数提取方式相结合的方法.该方法首先对语音信号进行小波分解,在此基础上再对小波系数进行阈值处理,仅保留阈值以上的数据,而后提取相关性不大的传统特征参数进行组合,分别作为说话人识别系统的输入矢量.仿真结果表明:在噪声环境中,说话人识别系统能较好识别出说话人,经过小波变换后再提取特征参数的方法可以得到更高的识别率,大大提高说话人识别系统的识别性能.     

连续语音识别中的说话人快速自适应技术

语音识别技术中说话人快速自适应技术受到普遍关注。该文综述了说话人快速自适应技术在国际上的研究现状 ,并且介绍了本研究组提出的快速自适应方法 ,即最大似然模型插值快速自适应框架及插值算法。与现有的相关自适应方法相比 ,该算法在更复杂的识别系统上同时实现了均值和协方差的自适应 ,并取得较好的自适应效果。当仅有一句自适应数据时 ,识别系统的误识率从 2 8.75 %下降到2 4 .93%。     

基于矢量泰勒级数的鲁棒语音识别

矢量泰勒级数是一种有效的抗噪声鲁棒语音识别算法.然而在对数谱域,美尔滤波器组的不同通道之间有较强的相关性,因而难以从含噪语音中准确估计噪声的方差.提出了一种基于矢量泰勒级数的倒谱域特征补偿算法.该算法在倒谱域,用一个高斯混合模型描述语音倒谱特征的分布,通过矢量泰勒级数从含噪语音中估计噪声的均值和方差.实验结果表明,此算法能明显提高语音识别系统的性能,优于基于矢量泰勒级数的对数谱域特征补偿算法.     

多带同步模型用于噪声环境下语音识别

根据人耳听觉特性，提出新的同步多带最大似然线性回归算法用于噪声环境下语音识别。该算法采用最大似然作为参数估计准则，利用各频带信号同步感知和噪声污染假定的方法进行语音模型补偿，有效地提高了识别系统在噪声环境下的识别性能。     

语音增强用于抗噪声语音识别

语音识别系统通常是将在安静的环境下训练得到的参数应用于实际环境中。如果实际环境也是安静的 ,则语音识别系统可以令人满意地工作。然而 ,当实际环境中有噪声存在时 ,语音识别系统性能急剧下降。为了让语音识别系统在安静的环境和有噪声的环境中都获得令人满意的工作性能 ,研究了一个将语音增强器和语音识别器级连起来的系统。该系统中 ,语音增强作为前端处理用于提高识别器输入端信号的信噪比。通过 3种不同的增强算法用于纯净语音和3种类型带噪语音的实验结果分析比较表明 ,这一方法对纯净语音的识别精度几乎没有任何改变而大大提高了系统的抗噪声性能     

一种应用神经网络的实时语音增强方法

提出了一种用神经网络模型和信号子空间特征分解相结合进行语音增强的方法,该方法利用了神经网络并行处理、高速计算的能力和语音信号的短时平稳的特性．它既克服了传统的谱相减法中残留“音乐噪声”的缺陷,又可以实时、有效地增强语音,能够满足一些语音处理与识别系统的需要．     

融合语音增强与后续补偿的抗噪声语音识别方法

为了提高基于隐含Markov模型的语音识别系统在噪声环境中的稳健性,研究了一种融合语音增强与后续补偿的抗噪声语音识别方法.在前端,语音增强有效地抑制背景噪声,从而提高了输入信号的信噪比.语音增强后的剩余噪声以及语音失真是对语音识别不利的因素,其影响将通过识别阶段的并行模型合并或特征提取阶段的倒谱均值归一化得到补偿.实验结果表明,此方法能够显著地提高语音识别系统在噪声环境中,特别是低信噪比条件下的识别精度,如对-5 dB的自噪声,该方法可将识别精度从11.7%提高至71.0%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.