底部框架房屋抗震墙的简易计算

介绍了底部框架抗震墙房屋的抗震性能,提出了底层框架砖砌体抗震墙和底2层框架混凝土抗震墙房屋的抗震墙数量的简易计算公式.     

底部框架抗震墙砌体结构设计

底层、底二层大空间砌体框架抗震墙结构从形式上讲是框支抗震结构的特例,是一种抗震不利结构,由于此种结构形式底部能够提供较大、灵活的使用空间,在实际应用较为普遍。本文从该类型结构设计的基本要求、设计的重点、结构带有地下室时的设计要点和设计时应注意的事项等方面探讨了该类底部框架抗震墙砌体结构的设计,可供相关工程设计实践参考借鉴。     

底层框架-混凝土多孔砖房屋抗震性能试验研究

底层框架-上部砌体结构是一种经济实用的结构体系，特别适用于砌体结构房屋对底层大空间的功能要求．自20世纪80年代以来，国内相关单位对底层框架结构展开了一系列研究，其中底层框架结构的抗震性能是研究的重点，抗震试验多采用小比例模型振动台试验方法．而对于新型墙体材料-混凝土多孔砖来说，这方面的抗震研究还较少，采用小比例模型试验也存在制作上的困难．以新型墙体材料-混凝土多孔砖为对象，通过抗震试验研究其底部框架结构的抗震性能．研究结果表明：虽然底部框架结构是一种抗震不利的结构体系，但是通过合理的设计，该结构体系能够满足建筑抗震设计要求．     

底部框架抗震墙的结构体系和设计问题研究

底部框架一抗震墙砌体房屋是指底部一层或两层为空间较大的框架抗震墙结构、上部为多层砌体结构的房屋。这种房屋底部的大空间可以满足商场、餐厅、会议室、停车库等使用功能的要求,而其上部可满足住宅、办公等较小开间使用的要求。本文对底部框架抗震墙结构特点作了介绍,并结合作者的设计经验对抗震墙设计中的主要问题作了详细的分析,提出了一些看法。     

地震作用下加固砖砌体房屋力学特性数值模拟

采用碳纤维复合材料加固技术在砌体结构中广泛应用,通过加固之后,砌体结构房屋抗震性能有较大改善.对碳纤维复合材料加固砌体结构采用ANSYS有限元软件,建立2个不同的碳纤维加固模型.通过2个不同加固方案的分析,对加固模型的极限位移分析对比,研究了碳纤维加固砌体房屋的抗震性能,并且得到粘贴碳纤维布加固砖砌体房屋对增强其抗震性能的合理加固方法.计算分析表明,碳纤维加固可以控制砌体裂缝的发展,裂缝的开展更为均匀,有效的提高房屋的变形能力和抗震承载能力.     

浅谈底部框架-抗震墙设计应注意的几个问题

底部框架-抗震墙房屋由上部砌体结构和底部抗震墙两两部分组成,其结构形式在竖向存在突变。本文结合抗震规范的要求和PKPM软件的使用,浅谈了应注意的几个问题。     

混凝土多孔砖砌体结构地震双参数破坏指标及抗震性能分析

通过分析混凝土多孔砖砌体前期试验研究结果,综合考虑结构变形和能量耗散双因素的影响,采用双参数破坏指标改进了传统的砌体结构抗震破坏准则.基于一幢混凝土多孔砖砌体房屋的地震破坏指标计算结果以及进一步的抗震性能分析,评价该结构的抗震性能.分析结果表明,该破坏指标适用于混凝土多孔砖砌体结构的抗震可靠性分析.     

底层框架上部砖房混合结构的抗震设计

本文从平立面布置、房屋的高度、第二层与底层的侧移刚度比、抗震墙的最大间距限值、底层钢筋砼抗震墙的高宽比、底层框架抗震墙砖房的结构体系、底层框架抗震墙砖房的底层与上部砖房部分的抗震能力宜相匹配等各方面总结了底层框架上部砖混结构的抗震结构设计应满足的相关设计要求。     

砌体墙抗震性能伪静力试验研究

考虑了砂浆强度等级、开洞率和高宽比3种因素,对3层砌体房屋的底层墙进行抗震性能的伪静力试验.分析了破坏形态、滞回耗能、抗震承载力、刚度退化和墙体侧移情况.结果表明,砂浆强度等级和高宽比对破坏形态的影响类似,而开洞率稍有不同;砂浆强度等级愈低、开洞率愈大或高宽比愈大时,墙体的耗能能力及抗震承载力愈小,其中开洞率的影响更为显著.开裂前,各因素下刚度退化均较快,且趋势一致;开裂后,开洞率大的试件刚度退化最快;达到极限荷载时,各因素下的刚度退化较大,为初始刚度的20%左右.开裂后,开洞率大的墙肢薄弱,墙高方向的侧移分布曲线明显外凸.     

全承重错层砌体房屋

随着我国社会经济的不断发展 ,我国的房地产事业达到了空前的繁荣 ,多层砌体房屋在整个建筑工程中占有较大的比重。尽管从产业政策和保护耕地上 ,是在逐步限制粘土砖房的发展 ,但是在我国大量性的住宅仍以多层粘土砖结构为主。由于对房屋结构的可靠性和居住条件要求的提高 ,规范加强了抗震措施的要求 ,同时 ,结构又向错层结构发展。多层砌体房屋是指以承重的砌体墙、装配或现浇混凝土或木屋盖、楼盖组成的多层混合结构房屋。我国大量建造的住宅、办公楼、教学楼医院等属于这种结构形式 ,多层砌体房屋又分为全承重单混合结构、底层框架结构和…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.