铁氰化镍／银复合修饰电极的制备及对盐酸麻黄碱的电催化作用

在含有Ag^＋、Ni^2＋、K3Fe（CN）6的胶体混合溶液中,用电化学沉积方法制备了铁氰化镍／银复合膜（NiHCF／Ag）修饰石墨电极（SG）．在pH5．00的醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液中,NiHCF／Ag／SG修饰电极对盐酸麻黄碱的电极反应有催化作用,盐酸麻黄碱还原峰的峰电流与浓度在8．00×10^-6～1．30×10^-3mol／L范围内呈良好线性关系（r=0．982）,检出限为5．00×10^-7mol／L．该电极已成功用于医用注射液中盐酸麻黄碱含量的测定,回收率为95.4％～104％．     

茚三酮的极谱行为研究

用线性扫描极谱法研究了在B—R缓冲溶液中茚三酮的极谱行为。实验表明,以pH=4,58的B—R缓冲溶液和0.1mol／L的KCl溶液作为底液,茚三酮产生还原波,其二阶导数峰电位为-0.874V（vs,SCE）,峰电流与其浓度在1.12×10^-6mol／L～3．36×10^-4mol／L浓度范围内呈线性关系,线性方程为i″p（nA／s^2）=114．5＋7．393×10^6c（mol／L）,相关系数为0．9927,初步讨论了电极过程及电极反应机理,结果表明该波为不可逆波。     

ABA浸种对水稻生长发育及产量的效应研究

以三系稻“汕优63”和两系稻“二优培九”为试材，用不同浓度植物激素脱落酸（0mol／L，5×10^-7mol／L，2．5×10^-6 mol／L，1．25×10^-5 mol／L,6．25×10^-5mol／L，3．125×10^-4mol／L）浸种，研究了ABA对水稻生长发育及产量的影响．结果表明：ABA浸种后，水稻秧苗素质和产量均优于对照，其中以6．25×10^-5mol／L浸种效果好，α-淀粉酶活性、发芽率、游离氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量以及有效分蘖数均与其它处理差异显著．ABA溶液浸种处理后，“汕优63”、“二优培九”的平均产量分别比CK增产7．6％、12．5％，处理浓度为6．25×10^-5mol／L的产量最高，分别比对照提高了12．4％和20．8％．     

多巴胺在FcA/Nafion/GCE上的电化学行为及其SWV测定应用

研究了多巴胺（Dopamine，DA）在二茂铁乙酸（Ferrocenyl Acetic Acid，FcA）和Nation聚合物薄膜修饰玻碳电极（FcA／Nation／GCE）上的电化学行为，测定了DA在该修饰电极上的动力学参数，并用方波伏安法（SWV）对DA在FcA／Nation／GCE上的测定应用进行了研究．结果表明，与GCE相比，DA在FcA／Nation／GCE上的峰电流增大约10倍，氧化峰电位负移60mV，表明FcA／Nation／GCE对DA有良好的电化学催化作用；同时测得DA在FcA／Nation／GCE上的电子转移系数口为0．44，反应速率常数k。为0．106cm／s，表观扩散系数D0为5．4×10^-6cm^2／s．用SwV方法测得DA浓度在1．0×10^-5～2．0×10^-3mol／L范围内氧化峰电流（Jpa）与其呈良好的线性关系，线性拟舍方程为Jpa（μA）=47．524＋16．508c（10mol／L），相关系数R=0．9989，检出限为1．0×10^-6mol／L，相对标准偏差为0．9％～1．1％，回收率为97．5％～100．1％．该测定方法简单快捷，测定结果令人满意．     

以二茂铁季铵盐为活性材料的PVC膜甘草次酸和布洛芬药物电极的研制

本文选用了三种二茂铁季铵盐：C2H5F′C－CH2－N^ （CH3）3I^-、C8H17-F′c－CH2N^ （CH3）3I^-、C8H17-F′c－C－F′c－CH2N^ (CH3)3I^ 为电极活性材料，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二壬酯为增塑剂，制备了药物甘草次酸和布洛芬电极，其中以C7H17－F′c－NH2N6 （CH3）3I^－为活性材料，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为增塑剂制备的甘草次酸电极和布洛芬电极性能较了，甘草次酸电极的线性响应范围为10^-6mol/L－10^-2mol/L，斜率为45mV(13℃），检测下限为6．3×10^-7mol/L，pH范围为7．6－10．6，用直接电位法测定甘草次酸的回收率为98．5％－101．8％；布洛芬电极的线性响应范围为10^-6mol/L-10^-2mol/L，斜率为58nV(15℃），检测下限为8．5×10^-7mol/L，pH范围为6．8－10．0，布洛芬的回收率为97．5％－99．5％。     

基于纳米硫化镉作为新的固酶基质的过氧化氢生物传感器的研究

以玻碳电极为基底,电聚合一层负电性的刚果红膜（PCR）,再通过静电吸附作用自组装硫堇（TH）和纳米硫化镉（nano—CdS）。最后,将辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）固定在纳米硫化镉／硫堇／聚刚果红修饰的玻碳电极表面,制备出一种性能良好的过氧化氢生物传感器。通过循环伏安法和计时电流法考察电极的电化学特性,探讨了工作电位,pH对电极响应的影响。用计时电流法测得电极线性范围为1．85×10^-6～9．67×10^-3mol／L,检出限为6．5×10^-7mol／L。实验结果表明,该方法提高了过氧化物酶的固载量,增强了传感器的灵敏度和稳定性,且具有制备方法简单、灵敏度高、选择性好等特点。     

胶束电动毛细管电泳法测定维生素B4

采用胶柬电动毛细管电泳（MEKC）法测定维生素B的含量,电泳缓冲液为2．0×10^-2mol／L硼砂-硼酸缓冲液（pH=8．4）,含2．5％（V／V）甲醇及10mmol／L十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）,在电泳电压20kV和检测波长254nm的条件下,维生素B4具有最佳的迁移时间和峰形;考察了缓冲溶液的pH、浓度、有机改性剂及胶束对维生素B4迁移行为的影响．结果表明：维生素B4在8．0×10^-7～5．0×10^-5mol／L内成良好的线性关系（r=0．9999）,方法的检出限为1．2×10^-7mol／L,RSD为2．24％,该法已成功用于药剂、血清和尿液中维生素Ba的测定．     

基于Schiff碱的Th4+荧光探针性能研究

以N,N’-双-3-烯丙基水杨醛缩邻苯二胺（BASPDA）Schiff碱为荧光探针,研究了各种因素对BASPDA和Th（IV）配合物的荧光影响,建立了BASPDA荧光探针分析检测Th（IV）的方法,其线性范围为1．0×10^-7mol／L～2．9×10^-5mol／L,检出限为0．5×10^-7mol／L．     

基于金纳米通道膜检测牛血清白蛋白的研究

以聚碳酸酯超滤膜为基膜,采用化学镀的方法在聚碳酸酯膜纳米通道阵列内镀金．对金纳米通道表面进行氯离子修饰,在电场作用下电解质离子通过纳米通道时产生稳定的电流,当牛血清白蛋白（BSA）加入含BSA抗体的进样池后,与溶液中的牛血清白蛋白抗体分子形成BSA／抗体复合体,该大体积的复合体对电流产生一定的阻碍作用,引起相应的电流降,基于此发展了纳米通道检测BSA的传感技术．电流降低值与BSA浓度在3．64×10^-8～5．46×10^-7mol／L范围内具有线性关系,检测限（3S／N）为1．93×10^-8mol／L．     

苯二酚在PTh／NTiO2／GCE上的电化学行为的研究

该文利用循环伏安法（CV）和线性扫描溶出伏安法（LSSV）研究了对苯二酚（HQ）和间苯二酚（RS）在聚噻吩／纳米二氧化钛修饰玻碳电极（PTh／NTiO。／GCE）上的电化学行为。该修饰电极作为两种苯二酚传感器表现出极好的灵敏度和选择性。在0．2mol／L柠檬酸一磷酸氢二钠缓冲溶液（pH4．6）,RS和HQ的氧化峰电位相距508mV,且在PTh／NTiO2／GCE上的峰比在裸GCE上的高出6．5倍。在最佳条件下,PTh／NTiO2／GCE对HQ和RS在1．0×10^-7～8．0×10^-6范围内都有较好的线性关系,混合物中的检出限（S／N一3）分别为3．3×10mol／L和3．7×10^-8mol／L。通过计算得出了一些动力学参数如电子转移数（n）,质子转移数（m）。该法被用来同时测定废水中的RS和HQ结果满意。     

组织胺对大鼠DRG神经元ATP-激活电流的抑制作用

目的:探讨组织胺对大鼠DRG神经元ATP-激活电流的调制作用.方法:采用全细胞膜片钳技术,在新鲜分离的大鼠背根神经节细胞上进行.结果:实验观察到组织胺在DRG神经元可引起内向电流,并有明显的浓度依赖性.在被检测的DRG神经元中,85%(30/35)的细胞对ATP敏感,可引起一浓度依赖性的去敏感的内向电流.预加10-8、10-7、10-6、10-5、10-4mol/L组织胺后,对ATP-激活电流的抑制分别是:(12.50±3.2%(n=5)、(24.49±3.5%(n=5)、(35.18±4.5%(n=6)、(32.62±5.8%(n=8)、(23.53±4.2%(n=5),呈浓度依赖性.结论:组织胺对大鼠DRG神经元ATP-激活电流有明显的抑制作用.     

乙酰胆碱对非洲爪蟾卵母细胞ATP-激活电流的调制作用

研究乙酰胆碱对爪蟾卵母细胞上ATP激活电流的影响及其机理.用双电极电压钳技术记录爪蟾卵母细胞的细胞外液加入乙酰胆碱对ATP激活电流（IATP）的影响.结果显示,乙酰胆碱对大多数细胞IATP具有增强作用,而对少数细胞IATP具有抑制作用,且均呈现浓度依赖性;乙酰胆碱对IATP的调制作用是通过毒蕈碱样乙酰胆碱受体（M受体）激活实现的.     

A novel receptor-operated Ca2+-permeable channel activated by ATP in smooth muscle

Receptor-operated Ca2+ entry has been proposed as a signalling mechanism in many cells. Receptor-operated Ca2+ channels (ROCs) were first postulated in smooth muscle by Bolton, van Breemen and Somlyo and Somlyo, but recordings of directly ligand-gated Ca2+ current are lacking. Here we describe receptor-operated Ca2+ current evoked in arterial smooth muscle cells by ATP, a sympathetic neurotransmitter. ATP activates channels with approximately 3:1 selectivity for Ca2+ over Na+ at near-physiological concentrations and with a unitary conductance of approximately 5 pS in 110 mM Ca2+ or Ba2+. The channels can be opened even at very negative potentials and resist inhibition by cadmium or nifedipine, unlike voltage-gated Ca2+ channels; they are not blocked by Mg2+, unlike NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate)-activated channels; they are directly activated by ligand, without involvement of readily diffusible second messengers, unlike cation channels in neutrophils and T lymphocytes. Thus, the ATP-activated channels provide a distinct mechanism for excitatory synaptic current and Ca2+ entry in smooth muscle.     

牛体外受精技术研究的现状与展望

系统综述了牛体外受精技术研究的现状及存在的问题．并对今后的研究方向和前景提出了展望。牛卵母细胞可在不含血清的成熟培养液中获得受精及胚胎发育能力，促卵泡素、促黄体素及上皮细胞生长因子均对这一过程具促进作用。肝素是迄今最为有效的精子获能处理方法，但在受精过程中对精子获能起决定作用的是卵丘细胞和卵母细胞本身。提高受精质量可明显提高受精卵的胚胎发育能力。体外受精卵可通过改善培养条件或与体细胞进行复合培养发育到囊胚阶段．但后者更为稳定可靠。目前，牛卵母细胞的体外受精分裂率可达８０％，囊胚发育率达４０％左右．两枚鲜胚的移植妊娠率可达５０％～６０％．而两枚冻胚的移植妊娠率仅３０％～５０％。因此，尚需进一步提高体外受精胚胎的活力和改进胚胎的冷冻保存技术。     

Rapid gating and anion permeability of an intracellular aquaporin

Aquaporin (AQP) water-channel proteins are freely permeated by water but not by ions or charged solutes. Although mammalian aquaporins were believed to be located in plasma membranes, rat AQP6 is restricted to intracellular vesicles in renal epithelia. Here we show that AQP6 is functionally distinct from other known aquaporins. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, AQP6 exhibits low basal water permeability; however, when treated with the known water channel inhibitor, Hg2+, the water permeability of AQP6 oocytes rapidly rises up to tenfold and is accompanied by ion conductance. AQP6 colocalizes with H+-ATPase in intracellular vesicles of acid-secreting alpha-intercalated cells in renal collecting duct. At pH less than 5.5, anion conductance is rapidly and reversibly activated in AQP6 oocytes. Site-directed mutation of lysine to glutamate at position 72 in the cytoplasmic mouth of the pore changes the cation/anion selectivity, but leaves low pH activation intact. Our results demonstrate unusual biophysical properties of an aquaporin, and indicate that anion-channel function may now be explored in a protein with known structure.     

昆明小鼠未成熟卵母细胞OPS和SSV冷冻保存的比较

目的寻找昆明小鼠卵母细胞冷冻保存效率的新途径。方法选用5~6周龄雌性昆明小鼠的未成熟卵母细胞,在不同前处理液(10%EG或10%EG+10%DMSO)中平衡5 min,然后在冷冻液(EFS30、EFS40、EDFS30或EDFS40)中平衡30 s后进行OPS(Open pulled straw)法和SSV(Solid-surface vitrification)法玻璃化冷冻保存。结果小鼠未成熟卵母细胞的OPS法冷冻保存中,用EFS液冷冻的卵母细胞解冻后形态正常率最高为84.4%,成熟率低于16.7%;而在SSV法冷冻保存中,用EFS液冷冻的卵母细胞解冻后形态正常率最高为86.0%,成熟率为46.5%。OPS法和SSV法冷冻小鼠未成熟卵母细胞形态正常率为91.6%和91.4%,与对照组间差异较显著(P>0.01);成熟率为42.9%和59.1%,与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01)。结论多种抗冻保护剂组合使用效果好于单种抗冻保护剂;EDFS冷冻液冷冻保存效果好于EFS,尤其是EDFS30;OPS法可以有效地冷冻保存小鼠未成熟卵母细胞,且新型玻璃化冷冻法SSV法冷冻保存效果优于OPS法。     

胞外ATP对VK2/E6E7细胞胞内pH的影响

 利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（Confocal microscope）采用pH依赖的荧光探针Snarf-4F测量细胞胞内pH(pHi)方法,发现胞外ATP能剂量依赖（10~1 000 μmol/L）地降低人阴道上皮细胞株VK2/E6E7细胞pHi。当胞外加入200 μmol/L ATP时,能快速地使VK2/E6E7细胞pHi降低,此降低的pHi在洗脱ATP后可迅速恢复。这些结果表明胞外ATP能引起VK2/E6E7细胞胞内酸化。     

Molecular mechanism of ATP binding and ion channel activation in P2X receptors

P2X receptors are trimeric ATP-activated ion channels permeable to Na+, K+ and Ca2+. The seven P2X receptor subtypes are implicated in physiological processes that include modulation of synaptic transmission, contraction of smooth muscle, secretion of chemical transmitters and regulation of immune responses. Despite the importance of P2X receptors in cellular physiology, the three-dimensional composition of the ATP-binding site, the structural mechanism of ATP-dependent ion channel gating and the architecture of the open ion channel pore are unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of the zebrafish P2X4 receptor in complex with ATP and a new structure of the apo receptor. The agonist-bound structure reveals a previously unseen ATP-binding motif and an open ion channel pore. ATP binding induces cleft closure of the nucleotide-binding pocket, flexing of the lower body β-sheet and a radial expansion of the extracellular vestibule. The structural widening of the extracellular vestibule is directly coupled to the opening of the ion channel pore by way of an iris-like expansion of the transmembrane helices. The structural delineation of the ATP-binding site and the ion channel pore, together with the conformational changes associated with ion channel gating, will stimulate development of new pharmacological agents.     

A method for determination of hexokinase activity by RP-HPLC

A method was established to determine the activity of hexokinase by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC).The activity of hexokinase was determined by detecting the amount of ADP in the reaction that converts glucose into glucose-6-phosphate.The separation degree of ATP and ADP was as good as 3.46(separation degree>1.5).In the range of 0.01-0.40 mmol/L,there was a good linear relationship between concentration of ADP and its peak areas(the correlation coefficient was 0.999).The relative standard deviation(RSD) of intraday was 1.43%-1.46%,that of interday was 2.12%-2.15%.At 30 °C(optimal temperature) and pH7.0(optimal pH),the recovery rate of hexokinase was 95.3%-97.6%.The results showed that the method had good precision and high recovery rate,and the enzyme activity was determined through only one-step reaction.To some extent,this method can reduce the cost.     

Modulation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in skeletal muscle by intracellular protons

Since their discovery in cardiac muscle, ATP-sensitive K+(KATP) channels have been identified in pancreatic beta-cells, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and central neurons. The activity of KATP channels is inhibited by the presence of cytosolic ATP. Their wide distribution indicates that they could have important physiological roles that may vary between tissues. In muscle cells the role of K+ channels is to control membrane excitability and the duration of the action potential. In anoxic cardiac ventricular muscle KATP channels are believed to be responsible for shortening the action potential, and it has been proposed that a fall in ATP concentration during metabolic exhaustion increases the activity of KATP channels in skeletal muscle, which may reduce excitability. But the intracellular concentration of ATP in muscle is buffered by creatine phosphate to 5-10 mM, and changes little, even during sustained activity. This concentration is much higher than the intracellular ATP concentration required to half block the KATP-channel current in either cardiac muscle (0.1 mM) or skeletal muscle (0.14 mM), indicating that the open-state probability of KATP channels is normally very low in intact muscle. So it is likely that some additional means of regulating the activity of KATP channels exists, such as the binding of nucleotides other than ATP. Here I present evidence that a decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) markedly reduces the inhibitory effect of ATP on these channels in excised patches from frog skeletal muscle. Because sustained muscular activity can decrease pHi by almost 1 unit in the range at which KATP channels are most sensitive to pHi, it is likely that the activity of these channels in skeletal muscle is regulated by intracellular protons under physiological conditions.