CdS／聚苯胺导电复合材料的制备与表征

通过化学氧化聚合法,将固相法合成的CdS纳米粒子在十二坑基苯磺酸（DBSA）存在的条件下,用氧化剂（同时也是催化剂）过硫酸铵（APS）氧化苯胺（An）,制得了CdS／聚苯胺导电复合材料。探讨了CdS的掺入量对导电复合材料的影响。CdS／聚苯胺导电复合材料用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、红外光谱（FT-IR）和四探针电导率测试仪进行了表征。结果表明,当苯胺单体为2mL,CdS的掺入量为0．1g时,制得的CdS／聚苯胺导电复合材料电导率较高。     

水分散型导电聚苯胺的制备及其性能研究

在非极性有机溶剂-功能质子酸-水三相体系中,以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为乳化剂, 十二烷基苯磺酸和盐酸为掺杂剂, 过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂, 采用乳液聚合法制备水分散型导电聚苯胺(PANI), 研究了掺杂剂配比、氧化剂量、搅拌时间、反应温度对聚苯胺的电导率和溶解度的影响. 综合考虑电导率和溶解度两者性能, 确定最佳反应条件为: 反应温度15 ℃,搅拌时间6 h, n(苯胺):n(HCl):n(DBSA):n(APS)=0.0500:0.0900:0.0123:0.0500,此时产物的电导率为2.964 S/cm,溶解度为23.99%.此时的产物在水中有良好的分散性能,能够与水性高分子树脂进行共混加工.红外光谱表明,掺杂态聚苯胺的特征吸收峰都向低频方向移动,苯醌结构的吸收峰发生了较大的变化,这说明聚苯胺的掺杂部位发生在苯醌结构上;紫外光谱表明,代表苯醌上电子跃迁的峰发生了明显的移动.     

原位聚合制备聚苯胺/石墨烯导电复合材料的工艺

采用盐酸（HCl）为掺杂酸、以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮（PVPK90）为空间稳定剂,在过硫酸铵（APS）氧化体系中通过原位聚合制备了聚苯胺/石墨烯导电复合材料。该方法制备的聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料导电性能好,聚苯胺尺寸大小均一、形貌规整。实验结果表明,当石墨烯的添加量为7%（质量分数）时,聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的电导率较纯聚苯胺的提高了2个数量级。另外,对原位聚合制备聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的制备工艺进行了优化。对制备工艺进行优化后,在石墨烯添加量为1%（质量分数）时,聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的电导率较纯聚苯胺提高了一个数量级,在提高复合材料导电性的同时简化了加工工艺,大大提高了生产率,具有可靠的实用价值。     

不同掺杂态聚苯胺的合成及其红外光谱的研究

以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)和樟脑磺酸(CSA)作为掺杂剂,采用乳液聚合法和研磨法,合成了DBSA掺杂聚苯胺、CSA和DBSA共掺杂聚苯胺,探讨了合成条件对掺杂聚苯胺导电性能的影响,并研究了掺杂聚苯胺的红外光谱。DBSA掺杂聚苯胺、CSA和DBSA共掺杂聚苯胺的电导率分别为0.274 S/cm和1.210 S/cm。在DBSA掺杂聚苯胺中再掺杂CSA,可提高聚苯胺的电导率。     

原位聚合法制备聚苯胺/ 聚乙烯醇导电材料的研究

采用原位聚合方法合成了聚苯胺／聚乙烯醇导电复合材料,研究了反应体系中聚苯胺的质量分数和反应时间对复合材料电导率的影响,并且通过红外光谱和热重分析对其结构和稳定性进行了表征和分析．     

银/聚苯胺纳米复合材料的制备及其表征

以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为乳化剂,正己醇为助乳化剂,紫外-可见光辐照辅助,在反胶束体系中一步双原位合成银/聚苯胺(Ag/PANI)纳米复合材料。通过红外吸收光谱、X线衍射、透射电镜和四探针仪对产物的结构、形貌和性能进行表征分析。此外,还考察不同苯胺与硝酸银的物质的量比(n(An)/n(AgNO3))及水乳比W0对Ag/PANI纳米复合材料的结构、形貌及导电性能的影响。研究结果表明:在SDS反胶束体系中,紫外光可在还原银离子的同时引发苯胺聚合,形成聚苯胺包覆银纳米复合粒子;n(An)/n(AgNO3)及水乳比的增大对复合粒子的粒径有增大的影响;Ag/PANI纳米复合材料电导率较PANI有很大提高,并且随着n(An)/n(AgNO3)的减小而先增大后减小,当n(An)/n(AgNO3)=1/2时,电导率达到最大值50.24 S/cm;随着水乳比的增加而先增大后减小,当W0=22时,电导率达到最大值95.89 S/cm。     

导电聚苯胺纳米纤维的快速制备及其导电性研究

以盐酸为掺杂剂,在苯胺单体氧化合成导电聚苯胺的聚合反应过程中,通过加入N-苯基对苯二胺,可以显著加快聚苯胺的合成反应速度,并提高聚苯胺的产率.经电子显微镜观察发现,生成的聚苯胺呈现出明显的纳米纤维形貌特征,直径约50 nm,长度可达微米.实验表明:聚苯胺的产率和电导率都是随着HCl浓度的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,浓度1 mol/L的盐酸掺杂下合成的聚苯胺的电导率最大;在苯胺和酸浓度固定时,改变氧化剂过硫酸铵的量也会影响聚苯胺纳米纤维的产率和电导率,n(苯胺)∶n(过硫酸铵)=1∶1时,生成物聚苯胺的电导率最大.     

导电聚酯片的制备及酸处理对导电层吸附量和黏附性的影响

以盐酸为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂,采用原位聚合的方法制备了导电聚酯片(PET)。为了增大导电高分子聚苯胺(PANI)在合成基材聚酯片表面的吸附量和黏附性,在苯胺聚合前对聚酯片进行酸处理。酸处理对聚酯片表面润湿性、化学组成及形貌的影响分别采用接触角测试仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电镜进行表征。苯胺聚合后聚酯片质量变化用于评估聚苯胺在聚酯片表面吸附量的大小。1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮清洗后导电聚酯片颜色和电导率的变化用于判断聚苯胺在聚酯片表面的黏附性大小。实验结果表明,酸处理有效地提高了聚苯胺在聚酯片表面的吸附量和黏附性。该方法制备的导电聚酯片有望直接作为导电器件使用,可在一定程度上提高聚苯胺的可加工性。     

导电聚苯胺纳米管的界面法合成

在室温下，采用界面自组装聚合法首次成功制备了磷酸掺杂的导电聚苯胺纳米管，利用TEM．FT—IR，UV—Vis及四探针等技术对其结构和导电性能进行了表征．结果表明：由该法合成的聚苯胺具有纳米管结构，内外管径分别为20nm和120nm。长度在3～4μm，长径比为30：1；在室温下，电导率约为0．35S／cm．通过控制苯胺单体的浓度、掺杂剂酸的浓度和聚合反应时间能够实现对聚苯胺纳米管管长和管径的控制．     

成形工艺对碳纳米管/聚苯胺导电性能影响

探讨一种新型阵列式碳纳米管／聚苯胺材料的复合方法,采用CVD法制备多壁阵列式碳纳米管,采用原位聚合法将其与苯胺单体结合,制备出聚苯胺／碳纳米管复合材料,研究了氧化剂与苯胺单体比例、碳纳米管加入时间、搅拌速度等工艺因素对复合材料导电性能的影响。试验结果表明当氧化剂与苯胺单体比例为1／2、碳纳米管最初加入时电导率达到最大,搅拌速度影响很小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.