改进的粒子群算法及其在带软时间窗车辆调度问题中的应用

针对微粒群优化算法容易陷入局部极值的缺陷,提出多相粒子群优化算法(Multi-pha-ses Particle Swarm Optimization,MPSO).建立了带软时间窗车辆调度问题数学模型,并将该方法运用于带软时间窗车辆调度路径优化.根据多相粒子群并行搜索的思想,给出MPSO算法在带软时间窗物流配送车辆调度路径优化的实现流程.仿真结果表明:多相粒子群算法可以快速、有效地求得车辆路径问题的优化解,是一种求解带软时间窗车辆路径问题的较好方案.     

蚁群算法在西餐连锁店配送路径中应用

西餐连锁店的路径优化是各连锁店食品配送路线的优化,要求满足各连锁店时间窗的约束,可抽象为带时间窗的车辆路径问题(VRPTW).文中采用启发式算法对VRPTW求解.为正确衡量信息素和期望值浓度在进化的不同阶段对算法的贡献,引入了一种自适应转移策略来提高算法的求解效率,并通过综合考虑全局和局部信息的更新策略——蚁权策略进行信息素更新,加快算法的收敛速度.最后,通过11个经典VRPTW对该算法的性能进行了检验.并以大连市西餐连锁店为研究对象,运用本文所提出的蚁群算法求解大连市西餐连锁店的配送路线.     

带时间窗车辆路径问题的混合粒子群算法

将粒子群优化算法与模拟退火算法结合,提出了一种求解车辆路径问题的混合粒子群算法.实例计算及与遗传算法比较的结果表明:应用混合粒子群算法可以快速地求得带时间窗车辆路径问题的优化解;该算法是一种求解离散组合优化问题的有效方法.     

基于离散海鸥算法求解循环取货车辆路径问题

针对如何降低循环取货车辆路径问题(VRP:Vehicle Routing Problem)中的运输成本,提出一种离散海鸥算法。首先,在海鸥迁移过程中,采用insert、 reverse操作更新海鸥位置加快算法寻优速度;其次,在海鸥攻击过程中,采用swap、 3-opt操作更新海鸥位置提升算法局部搜索能力;最后,结合模拟退火算法避免算法在运行过程中陷入局部最优,重新定义了在离散的车辆路径问题下的更新策略。以总成本最低为目标函数,构建相应的数学模型。实验结果表明,该算法具有高效解决循环取货车辆路径问题的能力,寻优效果及求解质量均高于标准海鸥优化算法、粒子群算法、模拟退火算法、灰狼优化算法、鲸鱼算法和飞蛾扑火算法。     

非满载车辆路径问题的改进粒子群优化算法

将局部版粒子群算法应用于非满载车辆路径问题,设计了一种实数编码方案,线性调整惯性权值,改进粒子更新公式,建立了解决该问题的粒子群算法。用该算法求解了两个车辆路径问题的算例,并与遗传算法和标准粒子群算法进行了比较。结果表明:该算法提高了搜索最优路径的成功率,能更有效地求解非满载车辆路径问题。     

面向无人机路径规划的多目标粒子群优化算法

针对无人机路径规划中方案单一的问题,本文提出一种基于集分解的多目标综合学习粒子群优化算法框架(MOCS-PSO/D),该算法使用基于分解的多目标优化框架(MOEA/D),结合基于集的粒子群优化(S-PSO)和综合学习粒子群优化(CLPSO),对CLPSO和PSO的速度更新公式进行改进,直接获得更多样的路径规划方案,同时...     

多目标车辆路径问题的粒子群优化算法研究

针对粒子群算法(PSO)及其变种在约束多目标等复杂问题优化过程中所遇到的易陷入局部最优和收敛性问题,提出了一种基于动态学习和突变因子的粒子群算法(DSPSO)。首先,通过分析粒子群群体的学习机制,采用动态的学习策略,使粒子自适应动态调整认知成分和社会成分在迭代更新中的权重,以引导自身向最优解的方向探索,有效改善了群体的收敛速度;其次,通过引入阶梯突变因子的概念,使粒子在陷入局部最优时进行试探跳跃,阶梯突变赋予粒子突破更新步长限制的能力,使粒子在当前位置速度矢量方向上的二维空间邻域内进行试探寻优,当发现更优解时则跳出当前局部最优;最后,通过在BenchMark基准函数测试集中典型函数上的实验,证明了DSPSO的求解精度和收敛速度均优于对比算法。在多目标车辆路径问题实例优化中,解的可接受率和成功率分别为0.91和0.66,远优于对比算法中最优解的0.16和0.11,体现了所提改进算法在车辆路径问题中的优越性。     

改进蚁群算法优化车辆路径问题的研究

研究采用改进的蚁群算法优化带约束的车辆路径的问题。考虑的约束条件包括路径约束、时间窗约束和容量约束。主要目的是提出一种改进的蚁群算法进行车辆路径优化,构建配送车辆行驶路线,实现配送路线总成本的最小化。从三方面对蚁群算法进行了改进：对参与条件转移概率的候选节点列表进行预处理减少路线构建过程计算的时间复杂度;提出插入式节约算法用于改进蚁群初始配送路线提高寻优精度;基于蚁群系统对信息素更新策略进行改进,加快算法收敛速度。基于Solomon基准数据集,与近年来已取得的研究成果展开对比实验,证明提出的改进算法在提高求解精度和搜索效率方面的有效性,在优化带约束条件的车辆路径问题时的实用性,拓展了蚁群算法的应用领域。     

基于选择策略的简化蝗虫优化算法

针对蝗虫优化算法(Grasshopper optimization algorithm, GOA)收敛速度慢、收敛精度不高的问题，提出基于选择策略的简化蝗虫优化算法(Simplified grasshopper optimization algorithm, SGOA)。首先运用选择策略处理初始种群，有助于快速缩小算法的搜索范围。其次通过选择策略将整个种群分为精英种群和一般种群，精英种群由当前最优蝗虫指导位置更新，有利于实现算法的趋优和加速；一般种群的位置更新取决于自身位置、精英种群及当前最优蝗虫位置，有利于保持算法的稳定。为验证SGOA求解高维复杂函数的广泛适用性，选取GOA、经典的粒子群优化算法(Particle swarm optimization, PSO)、高效的灰狼优化算法(Gray wolf optimization, GWO)以及鲸鱼优化算法(Whale optimization algorithm, WOA)作为SGOA的对比算法。以上5种算法求解9个标准测试函数的统计结果表明：SGOA的收敛精度、稳定性以及寻优成功率均显著高于其他算法。     

基于遗传算法的带时间窗邮政车辆路径问题研究

针对带时间窗约束的邮政车辆路径问题,建立了带时间窗约束的最小车辆运输费用模型,考虑了车辆装载容量、时间窗、往返货物归集等约束条件,针对四川邮政11个市局的实际邮路安排问题,利用遗传算法对模型进行了求解计算和优化对比分析。优化结果表明,在目前邮路安排的基础上可以节约派车数、降低总费用、缩短实际邮运里程。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-