电击法转移含人凝血因子IX基因重组质粒的影响因素

反转录病毒载体在基因治疗中可能会产生野生型病毒颗粒而引起安全性问题，本文研究含ＦＩＸｃＤＮＡ重组质粒基因治疗血友病Ｂ的可能，构建了不具反转录病毒载体结构的两重组质粒ｐＳＣＩＸＴＮ和ｐＣＩＸＴＮ，前者合ＳＶ４０早期启动子和ｈＣＭＶ启动子共同控制的ＦＩＸｃＤＮＡ，后者仅含ｈＣＭＶ启动于控制的ＦＩＸｃＤＮＡ，它们都含有ＴＫ启动于驱动的ｎｅｏ基因，通过电击法将基因转移到ＰＡ３１７和ＨＴ１０８０细胞，在ＨＴ１０８０细胞中的ＦＩＸ表达量分别为２２０、２１２ｎｇ／（１０６细胞·２４ｈ）通过与ｐＣＭＶＩＸ共转染靶细胞，可以增加人ＩＸ因子表达１．５～３．５倍，显示了用质粒载体转染靶细胞在血友病Ｂ基因治疗中是一条潜在可行的途径．本项研究用自制的电击仪转移ＰＡ３１７和ＨＴ１０８０等细胞，最高的转移效率达１０－３，并探讨了细胞种类，ＤＮＡ量，ＤＮＡ结构，电压，脉冲时间与转移效率及表达量的关系．     

降低聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶活性对外源癌基因诱导的NIH3T3转化的逆转作用研究

用ＰＡＲＰ酶抑制剂苯甲酰胺（ＢＡ）处理经ｃ－Ｈａ－Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ活化癌基因转染的ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞得到转化细胞系，结果表明：经苯甲酸胺处理的细胞系，其细胞凝集、血清依赖性、形态特征等均发生了改变，呈现出正常细胞的特征．Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明，已整合到细胞基因组中的外源Ｔ２４～ｒａｓ基因发生了丢失．     

BMP－3及BMP－5在不同组织和细胞中的表达

报道ＢＭＰ－３及ＢＭＰ－５在不同组织细胞中的表达．将人的神经母细胞瘤ＳＫ细胞的总ＲＮＡ及人的脑、肝、胸腺、脾、胎盘及睾丸的总ＲＮＡ反转录成ｃＤＮＡ作为模板，利用设计的编码ＢＭＰ－３和ＢＭＰ－５成熟蛋白的专一性引物分别扩增出相应的片段．ＰＣＲ产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明，ＢＭＰ－３及ＢＭＰ－５在不同组织细胞中表达类型不同．     

人rabl3基因克隆和表达

以人的胚胎ｃＤＮＡ为模板，用ＰＣＲ方法筛选获得ｒａｂ１３基因，并克隆到真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３和原核表达载体ｐＧＥＸ、ｐＥＴ－１５ｂ和ｐＭＡＬ－ｃ２中，把ｒａｂ１３基因转染入牛肾上腺毛细血管内皮细胞（ＢＣＥ细胞）中，免疫荧光染色显示Ｒａｂ１３定位于ＢＣＥ细胞胞质内膜性细胞器上，在为ｒａｂ１３基因对膜通道调节功能的进一步研究打下了基础。     

CTLL—2／MTT法快速测定IL—2基因转移效率的研究

应用包装ＩＬ－２基因的逆转录病毒载体，将ＩＬ－２基因导入小鼠成纤维细胞ＮＩＨ－３Ｔ３和小鼠黑色素瘤细胞Ｂ１６，建立了ＮＩＨ－３Ｔ３／ＩＬ－２－２，ＮＩＨ－３Ｔ３／ＩＬ－２－７和Ｂ１６／ＩＬ－２－４等３个转基因细胞株，应用ＣＴＬＬ－２／ＭＴＴ法快速测定各转基因细胞株分泌上清ＩＬ－２的浓度．转染效率最高的ＮＩＨ－３Ｔ３／ＩＬ－２－７其ＩＬ－２分泌量高达１４２２ｕ／（１０６ｃ·２４ｈ），表明这一基因转移系统能有效地将外源基因导入靶细胞．ＣＴＬＬ－２／ＭＴＴ法能快速、简便、有效地检测ＩＬ－２的表达．     

降低聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶活性对外源癌基因诱导的NIH…

用ＰＡＲＰ酶抑制剂苯甲酰胺（ＢＡ）处理经ｃ－Ｈａ－Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ活化癌基因转染的ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞得到转化细胞系，结果表明，经苯甲酰胺处理的细胞系，其细胞凝集，血清依赖性，形态特征等均发生了改变呈出现正常细胞的特征，Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明，已整合到细胞基因组中的外源Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ基因发生了丢失。     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒新疆分离物外壳蛋白基因的原核表达载体和植物表达载体的构建

将克隆入ｐＧＥＭ７ｚｆ（＋）的甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ＢＮＹＶＶ）新疆分离物外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）基因的ｃＤＮＡ的ｐＧＥＢ３，用ＸｂａＩ切下，Ｋｌｅｎｏｗ补平，再用ＢａｍＨＩ切下ｃＤＮＡ片段。用ＮｄｅＩ切开原核表达载体ｐＪＷ２，用Ｋｌｅｎｏｗ补平，再用ＢａｍＨＩ切去小片段。将该ｃＤＮＡ与ｐＪＷ２大片段用Ｔ４连接酶连接，构建了ＢＮＹＶＶＣＰ基因的表达载体ｐＪＷＢ４，转化到大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α。经培养和高温诱导，ｐＪＷＢ４成功地表达出了ＢＮＹＶＶ的外壳蛋白。将ｐＧＥＢ３和ｐＢＩ１２１用Ｘｂａｌ和ＢａｍＨＩ酶切Ｔ４连接酶连接，构建了ＢＹＶＶＣＰ基因的植物表达载体，转化到ＤＨ５α，筛选出正向连结的阳性克隆ｐＢＩＢ３，转化入农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４（ｐＡＬ４４０４），经用ＰＣＲ扩增和γ３２Ｐ标记的探针杂交约证实为阳性克隆。往甜菜植株中转化工作正在进行中。     

人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t—PA）在大肠杆菌中的表达、复性及分离纯化

人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔ—ＰＡ）。ＤＮＡ重组在表达质粒ｐＤＲ７２０中，在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＣ６００中获得了表达，表达水平为２％．以醋酸钟显色ＰＡＧＥ凝胶回收ｔ—ＰＡ表达条带，进行复性处理．Ｒ性产物经Ｂｅｎｚａｍｉｄｉｎｅ—Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ，Ｌｙｓｉｎｅ—Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ亲和层析，纯化得到ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ银染一条带纯度，比活为为４，０００ｍｏｌ／ｓ·ｇ的人ｔ—ＰＡ．     

—3位碱基对HBVc基因在昆虫细胞中表达的影响

应用ＰＣＲ定点突变技术,分别扩增出－３位碱基是Ａ或Ｔ的乙肝病毒核心抗原基因ｃ１,ｃ２,平端克隆到自行构建便于ＰＣＲ产物克隆的通用载体ｐＢｌｕｅｏＳ中后,利用经ＰＣＲ引物在ｃ１及ｃ２末端引入的酶切位点,切出ｃ１,ｃ２基因,构建出ｐＸ３－ｃ１和ｐＸ３－ｃ２．在Ｓｆ９细胞中瞬时表达ｃ１,ｃ２基因,乙肝核心抗原放免检测结果表明,两种形式的ｃ基因的表达无明显差异．说明－３位是否为Ａ对ｃ基因在昆虫细胞中的表达量没有影响．     

点突变ras癌基因全cDNA真核表达重组体的构建及诱导NIH3T3细胞转化的研究

将活化癌基因Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ的全ｃＤＮＡ序列正向插入真核载体ｐＭＡＭｎｅｏ，构建成重组质粒ｐＭＡＭｎｅｏ－Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ．将该质粒转染ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞，通过药物筛选，建成细胞系３Ｔ３（Ｔ２４）．Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证明外源Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ基因已整合于受体细胞染色体中．３Ｔ３（Ｔ２４）细胞表现出形态学方面的明显变化：具失去接触抑制能力，且在裸鼠体内致瘤等恶性行为．本文构建的Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ基因真核表达重组体和建立的转化细胞系可用于肿瘤的诊断、预防、治疗及抗肿瘤药物的筛选、评估等研究．     

人endostatin基因重组逆转录病毒载体的构建及其在NIH3T3细胞中表达

为探讨转人血管内皮抑制基因（endostatin）在转染细胞中的表达，利用逆转录病毒载体构建人endostatin基因的重组质粒，通过脂质体（lipofectamine）将重组质粒导入包装细胞PA317,制备重组病毒液。用重组病毒液感染NIH3T3细胞，经G418筛选获得转入endostatin基因细胞株NIH3T3-endo。同法制备对照细胞株NIH3T3-pLncx.PCR检测NIH3T3-endo细胞基因组，在扩增产物中一份550bp人endostatin基因特异性片段，对照组为阴性。免疫组化测定示仅NIH3T3-endo细胞中有外源性endostatin蛋白的表达，说明人endostatin基因已被成功导入NIH3T3细胞，并获得稳定表达。     

2-TeCD对UVB致NIH3T3细胞损伤的保护作用

采用4,6 二脒基二苯基吲哚（DAPI）荧光染色法和流式细胞术考察谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活力的人工模拟物2-TeCD对UVB致NIH3T3细胞损伤的保护作用. 结果表明： 2-TeCD可影响UVB致NIH3T3细胞中DNA裂解率、 脂质过氧化水平、 活性氧体积分数、 细胞周期及 P53蛋白表达量等指标, 可通过清除自由基发挥对UVB损伤的防护作用.     

A novel human gene spindlin1, encoding a protein localized in the cell nucleus and inducing NIH3T3 cell''s transformation

A novel human gene, spindlin1, recently cloned in our laboratory, is highly expressed in the tissue of ovary cancer. To study its biological function, a vector expressing green fluorescent-spindlin1 fusion protein was constructed and transfected into COS-7 and NIH3T3 cells by lipofectamine methods. The results showed that the fusion protein pEGFP-N1-spindlin1 was localized in the nucleus of COS-7 and NIH3T3 cells. NIH3T3 cells which could stably express spindlin1 as a result of RT-PCR analysis compared with the parental NIH3T3 cells displayed a complete morphological change, improved the cell growth and increased the percentage of cells in G2/M phase (12.6% vs control cells at 3.4%). Furthermore, overexpressed spindlin1 cells formed colonies in soft agar, more motile in migration assay in vitro and formed tumors in nude mice. Our findings provide direct evidence that spindlin1 gene may be a prooncogene which is associated with tumorigenesis.     

Prevention of chemical carcinogenesis using glutathine S-transferase-pi (GST-pi)

In order to explore whether the protective function of GST-pi can prevent transformation in vitro, NIH3T3 cells and carcinogen glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) have been used in cell transformation study. NIH3T3 cells have been transfected with GST-pi cDNA inserted retrovirus vector, pXT1, and then G418 resistant clones have been analyzed by Southern and Northern analyses. NIH3T3/pXGST clones that stably express GST-pi and control cells, untransfected NIH3T3 and NIH3T3/pXT1, have been treated three times discontinuously with GMA. 1.287% of untransfected NIH3T3 and 1.197% of NIH3T3/pXT, cells obtained a transformation pheno-type, forming type Ⅲ transformed clones, which could grow in soft agar and form fibrosarcoma in nude mice. In comparison, the transformation rate is only 0.007% in NIH3T3/pXGST cells, which could not grow in soft agar and formed no tumor in vivo. The results showed that expression of exogenous GST-pi in NIH3T3 do protect NIH3T3 cells from GMA induced transformation in vitro, which provides an evidence that GST-pi may play a role in preventing chemical car-cinogenesis.     

Raf-1 protein kinase is required for growth of induced NIH/3T3 cells

Many growth factors regulate the cytoplasmic Raf-1 protein kinase, consistent with its having a central role in transduction of growth signals. The kinase is ubiquitously expressed and can promote proliferation, presumably in a manner dependent on growth-factor receptors and membrane-associated oncogenes. We have now examined the dependence of serum- and TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-regulated NIH/3T3 cell growth on RAF-1 kinase to determine whether Raf-1 is essential for receptor signalling. We inhibited Raf-1 function by expressing c-raf-1 antisense RNA or kinase-defective c-raf-1 mutants. Antisense RNA for c-raf-1 interferes with proliferation of normal NIH/3T3 cells and reverts raf-transformed cells. In revertant cells, DNA replication induced by serum or TPA was eliminated or reduced proportionately to the reduction in Raf protein levels. Expression of a kinase-defective Raf-1 mutant (craf301) or a regulatory domain fragment (HCR) inhibited serum-induced NIH/3T3-cell proliferation and raf transformation even more efficiently. Inhibition by antisense RNA or craf301 blocked proliferation and transformation by Ki- and Ha-ras oncogenes. We conclude that raf functions as an essential signal transducer downstream of serum growth factor receptors, protein kinase C and ras.     

利用反义RNA探索外源基因丢失的分子机理

利用反义ＲＮＡ技术研究了调控ＰＡＲＰ酶基因的表达对外源基因整合稳定性的影响。将ＰＡＲＰ基因ｃＤＮＡ的部分序列反向插入到真核表达载体ｐＳＭＧ中,将重组质粒分别导入携带有外源基因的细胞中,地塞米松诱导反义ＰＡＲＰ基因的表达后,进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交检测。结果表明,外源基因仍保留在基因组中,这意味着外源基因的丢失并不是由于单一ＰＡＲＰ酶活性降低所致。     

Requirement for ras proto-oncogene function during serum-stimulated growth of NIH 3T3 cells

Human tumours often contain DNA sequences not found in normal tissues which are able to transform cultured NIH 3T3 cells. In some tumours the gene responsible for this transformation belongs to the cellular ras gene family. A specific type of mutation is responsible for converting the cellular proto-oncogene into a ras oncogene capable of inducing transformation. In a study of the function of a cellular ras gene, its protein product (produced in a bacterial cell) was microinjected into NIH 3T3 cells; the recipient cells became morphologically transformed and were induced to initiate DNA synthesis in the absence of added serum, but only when cellular ras protein was injected at much higher concentrations than required with protein of the transforming ras gene. To further analyse the function of the cellular ras gene, we have now injected monoclonal antibodies against ras proteins into NIH 3T3 cells. We report here that NIH 3T3 cells induced to divide by adding serum to the culture medium are unable to enter the S phase of the cell cycle after microinjection of anti-ras antibody, showing that the protein product of the ras proto-oncogene is required for initiation of the S-phase in NIH 3T3 cells.     

特异性提高TNFR55在内皮细胞中的表达量的研究

以KDRp为启动子 ,实现TNFR5 5基因在内皮细胞中的特异表达 ,提高其表达量 .构建特异表达TNFR5 5的逆转录病毒载体pLXN D2 99 KDRp TNFR5 5 ,将编码TNFR5 5的cDNA转入内皮细胞中 ,检测感染后的内皮细胞中TNFR5 5表达量的变化及其对TNF细胞毒作用的影响 .结果显示 ,TNFR5 5在内皮细胞中的表达量有显著提高 (P <0 .0 1) ,TNF对内皮细胞的细胞毒作用增强 .而同样经病毒感染的NIH3T3细胞表面TNFR的表达量无明显变化 .编码TNFR5 5的cDNA能够在KDRp指导下实现在内皮细胞中的特异表达 ;内皮细胞表面TNFR数量提高后能加强TNF对其的细胞毒作用 .     

Rapid senescence induced by overexpression of p53 in NIH3T3 cells

An NIH3T3 cell line which overexpresses temperature-sensitive p53Val135 was constructed by introduction of p53Val135 gene. It exhibited rapidly characteristic morphological and biochemical alterations related to repli-cative senescence when being cultured in 32℃. We suggested that the overexpression of p53 activated probably the onset of senescence in NIH3T3 cells, which induced a rapid cellular senescence.