焊接工艺对不同基体HT250粗晶区组织性能的影响

针对大中型铸件先焊补后退火、焊补中出现裂纹的问题,利用铸铁消除白口化退火得到更多的铁素体基体,增加其塑性,研究了在不同焊接电流、不同焊缝长度、不同堆焊工艺等焊接经860 ℃消除白口化退火的HT250铸铁试板的粗晶区组织、HV硬度和焊接应力大小等.结果表明:当焊接电流在100～110 A、焊接速度为180 mm/min、焊缝长度不超过40 mm时,HT250铸铁在860 ℃消除白口化退火后粗晶区的组织为珠光体和铁素体组织,消除白口化退火焊接与热焊工艺焊接残余应力基本相同.     

Effect of welding thermal cycle parameters in the heat affected zone of steel EH40 for on the microstructure and properties high heat input welding

利用热模拟技术及光学显微镜、透射电镜研究了焊接热循环参数对大线能量焊接用船板钢热影响区组织和性能的影响.发现模拟焊接热影响区组织主要由粒状贝氏体、铁素体和珠光体组成,且随着峰值温度和冷却时间的变化,热影响区的组织发生较大的变化;热影响区的冲击韧性总体水平较高,均在200 J以上,冲击韧性并不随着峰值温度和冷却时间的增加而单调变化;热影响区M-A岛的数量、尺寸、分布和形态影响热影响区的韧性.     

焊接热循环参数对大线能量焊接用钢EH40热影响区组织和性能的影响

利用热模拟技术及光学显微镜、透射电镜研究了焊接热循环参数对大线能量焊接用船板钢热影响区组织和性能的影响.发现模拟焊接热影响区组织主要由粒状贝氏体、铁素体和珠光体组成,且随着峰值温度和冷却时间的变化,热影响区的组织发生较大的变化;热影响区的冲击韧性总体水平较高,均在200 J以上,冲击韧性并不随着峰值温度和冷却时间的增加而单调变化;热影响区M-A岛的数量、尺寸、分布和形态影响热影响区的韧性.     

X70管线钢焊接热影响区韧性的研究

采用热模拟技术再现了Ｘ７０管线钢焊接热影响区的组织，研究了热循环的改变对热影响区低温冲击韧性的影响及其断口特征，重点探讨了过热区的韧性对焊后冷速改变的敏感性。试验结果表明，随着峰值温度的提高，冲击韧性明显下降，断口形貌由韧窝状过渡到解理断裂。峰温９５０℃时，冲击韧性远远高于母材；峰温在１１５０℃和１３５０℃时，冲击韧性低于母材。加热到１３５０℃后，改变冷却速度，低温冲击韧性将发生显著变化，ｔ８／５     

热处理对高铬铸铁组织和性能的影响

研究了不同热处理状态下高铬白口铸铁显微组织,探讨了热处理对高铬铸铁冲击韧性和硬度的影响,并确定了组织与性能的相关性。分别采用金相显微镜观察热处理后高铬铸铁显微组织,洛氏硬度计测定高铬铸铁的硬度,冲击试验机测定冲击韧性。结果表明：高铬铸铁随着淬火温度的升高,硬度先升后降,冲击韧性则相反。在1 000℃淬火空冷,并在400℃回火时,材料可以获得良好的综合力学性能。     

X70管线钢焊接热影响区韧性的研究

采用热模拟技术再现了X70管线钢焊接热影响区的组织,研究了热循环的改变对热影响区低温冲击韧性的影响及其断口特征.重点探讨了过热区的韧性对焊后冷速改变的敏感性.试验结果表明.随着峰值温度的提高.冲击韧性明显下降.断口形貌由韧窝状过渡到解理断裂.峰温950℃时.冲击韧性远远高于母材;峰温在1150℃和1350℃时,冲击韧性低于母材.加热到1350℃后,改变冷却速度.低温冲击韧性将发生显著变化.t_(8/5)为20s时.冲击韧性最佳.     

HRB500E高强度抗震钢筋焊接性能

国内某厂通过铌微合金化和控冷工艺开发试制HRB500E高强度抗震钢筋,采用金相显微镜、维氏硬度计、闪光焊接、疲劳试验机及力学性能测试,对HRB500E钢筋焊接样力学性能、HV5硬度、金相显微组织、焊接接头强度及疲劳强度进行了试验研究。结果表明:焊接前后焊件和母材强度变化小于5 MPa,强度变化不大,焊件拉伸断口远离焊缝,为延性断口,焊接性能良好;在焊接热循环作用下,焊接接头焊缝、热影响粗晶区、热影响细晶区的表层和芯部经历奥氏体化后再结晶,其组织和硬度变化不大;混晶区至母材表层和芯部则经历不完全奥氏体化后的再结晶,母材芯部组织为F+P+B、表层组织为S,表层硬度HV5高于芯部硬度30 HV5,其组织和硬度变化较大;焊接接头的抗拉断负荷从焊缝到混晶区逐渐减小,焊缝和热影响粗晶区的抗拉断负荷比母材的高;采用国际焊接学会推荐的FAT75疲劳设计曲线对钢筋焊接接头疲劳强度设计是安全的。     

00Cr12Ni不锈钢焊接热影响区的组织及韧性

采用Gleeble3800热力模拟试验机模拟了00Cr12Ni不锈钢不同热输入下的焊接热循环.研究了热模拟试样的组织及冲击韧性.实验结果表明,焊接粗晶区晶粒大小和马氏体的体积分数均随热输入的增加而增加;细晶区组织以马氏体为主,有少量的铁素体,晶粒非常细小;焊接粗晶区试样的室温冲击功随热输入的增加而降低;不同热输入下,细晶区模拟试样均具有优良的冲击韧性;粗晶区冲击试样均为脆性断裂,而细晶区冲击试样均为韧性断裂;为得到组织细小、韧性优良的焊接热影响区,应尽量采用小的热输入规范.     

焊接热循环对P460NL1高强正火容器钢微观组织及低温冲击韧性的影响

采用焊接热模拟技术,结合OM、SEM、TEM及-40℃低温冲击韧性实验,研究了焊接热循环(不同峰值温度和t_(8/5)参数)对P460NL1高强正火容器钢热影响区组织和低温韧性的影响,重点分析了不同焊接热循环中强化相V(C,N)粒子的演变。结果显示,当t_(8/5)同为45 s时,P460NL1钢模拟热影响区的低温冲击韧性随峰值温度的升高大致呈降低趋势,且温度超过1200℃后冲击韧性急剧降低。峰值温度为1350、1200℃且t_(8/5)在15～100 s范围时,模拟的是P460NL1钢焊接热影响区粗晶区,组织主要为铁素体和贝氏体混合组织,此条件下P460NL1钢的低温冲击韧性较低且基本不随t_(8/5)的变化而变化;t_(8/5)为45 s时,峰值温度1100、950℃对应的是焊接热影响区细晶区,此时组织为铁素体+贝氏体+珠光体混合组织,峰值温度870℃模拟的是两相区,主要为铁素体和珠光体组织。利用Thermal-Calc软件计算得到P460NL1钢中V(C,N)溶解温度为1160℃,故当峰值温度超过1200℃时,V(C,N)粒子完全溶解且未再析出,基体中存在的游离N会降低P460NL1钢的低温冲击韧性,且当峰值温度为1350℃时,随着t_(8/5)增加,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,但冲击韧性却没有因此而降低,表明游离氮是热影响区粗晶区冲击韧性的关键因素。     

二次热循环对管线钢在役焊接粗晶区显微组织的影响

采用焊接热模拟技术、金相分析及透射电镜研究了X70管线钢在役焊接粗晶区及其经受不同峰值温度二次焊接热循环作用后热影响区各区的金相组织和精细结构. 结果表明,在役焊接粗晶区的金相组织主要是板条束贝氏体和粒状贝氏体,经历不同峰值温度的二次热循环后,组织类型没有发生变化,但各种组织的形态、大小、数量以及原奥氏体晶粒大小有些差异. 热影响区各区的主要形貌都是铁素体板条和分布在板条之间或板条基体上的M-A组元. 在役焊接粗晶区M-A组元形态以条状为主,经历二次热循环后,再热临界粗晶区的M-A组元有所细化. 再热临界粗晶区存在下贝氏体组织,且具有典型的"中脊"形貌.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.