塔里木盆地塔中地区火山岩识别及其油气成藏意义

 早二叠世末期,塔中地区的火山活动对下伏石炭系油气的形成和演化至关重要.火山活动促进烃源岩的成熟排烃;形成断裂、裂缝等广泛发育的油气疏导体系;形成岩颈刺穿、火山岩脉侧向遮挡等不同类型的油气藏.此外,火山活动还可以对原来形成的油气藏进行改造,从而形成次生油气藏.本文利用钻井资料、测井资料、地震属性、地震反射结构、时间切片等方法,对火山岩的剖面和平面分布进行识别与预测,明确了塔中地区石炭系火山岩在剖面上主要以岩墙岩盖的形式产出,活动强度自西北向东南逐渐减弱,厚度自西北向东南逐步变薄直至尖灭.在此基础上,揭示了石炭系火山岩的油气成藏意义,对塔中地区油气滚动勘探开发具有一定指导意义.     

Evidence for Himalayan remagnetization in Tarim Basin

Himalayan remagnetization in the Tarim Basin was found to be widespread in Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks. Rock magnetism was performed to study the magnetic carriers. The authors believe that tectonic fluid in the Himalayan stage caused the rock remagnetization. The framboidal pyrites in bitumen and hydrocarbon-rich rocks may transform to framboidal magnetite in the later alkali environment, which leads to remagnetization.     

“引雅入塔”工程的可行性分析

“引雅入塔”工程,即引雅鲁藏布江之水入塔里木盆地之引水工程,这是一个大胆的设想.其基本内涵是将发源于喜马拉雅山北麓素称“悬河”的雅鲁藏布江的水量,通过西藏高原开挖一条运河,将高原之水引入盆地,以便改变大西北干旱荒漠区的水文气象面貌.本文着重分析了雅鲁藏布江之水源现状和昆仑山北麓山前平原绿洲的情况.同时,对引水工程和应采取的技术措施进行了初步分析.     

Natural diet and food habitat use of the Tarim red deer,Cervus elaphus yarkandensis

In order to determine the natural diet and food habitat use of Tarim red deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis), a study was carried out in Qiemo, Xinjiang , China from October 2000 to June 2001. Direct observation combined with faecal analysis method was used to determine the natural diet of red deer. 15 different species of plant were identified as food items. Among them, 13 species of plants were identified in winter diet and 9 species in summer. Red deer consumed a wider range of species in winter because of their nutrient requirement as well as the shortage of food and the scarcity of high-quality forage in the study area. Phragmites communis, Glycyrrhiza inflata and populus diversifo-lia were frequently present in the deer's diet whenever in winter and summer. Among them, Phragmites communis was the most abundant plant in the area and was included in the deer's diet. Observation on food selection frequency of captive Tarim red deer showed that Populus diversifolia was the first preferred species. However, this food was limited in the study area. Five food habitat types were found in the study area according to plant association: (1) Phragmites communis-Tamarix ramosissima association, (2) Tamarix ramosissima-Halostachys cas-pica association, (3) Tamarix ramosissima-Phragmites communis association, (4) Populus diversifolia-Phragmites communis association, (5) Burned area. Among them, Phragmites communis-Tamarix ramosissima association (reed meadow and reed marsh) was preferred to other types within the study area whenever in summer and winter. Dense reed cover could reduce the chance of detection from predator and obstruct attack from predator. Furthermore, under the cover of the reed, Tarim red deer was protected from direct solar radiation during the hours of hot day in summer. The reed meadow and marsh was preferred, presumably because the red deer could minimize their movements while searching for food, water and cover.     

Palaeoenvironmental implication of the Plio-Pleistocene loess deposits in southern Tarim Basin

The sedimentary characteristics, grain-size distribution, geochemical composition and surface characteristics of quartz grains, together with palaeoenvironmental reconnaissance, all point to an aeolian origin for the intercalated siltstone beds in the Plio-Pleistocene Artux and Xiyu Formations along the southern margins of the Tarim Basin, indicating that loess deposition in the region started, at least, in the Early Pliocene. Loess deposition in the southern Tarim Basin was a response to the global deterioration, which might be attributed to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

塔里木盆地孔雀河地区构造特征及演化

孔雀河地区位于塔里木盆地东北部,从前震旦纪至今,经历了多期的构造变动和复杂的演化历史,形成了现今北西西-近东西向、北北东-近南北向、北北西向和北东东向基本断裂体系,同时断裂活动表现为多期性和继承性的特点;发育断背斜、断鼻、背斜及断块等构造圈闭类型,其分布具有东西分区、纵向分层的特征.纵向上,就中生界、古生界而言,下古生界较中生界发育,上古生界不发育;横向上,明显受断层控制,并沿主控断层走向方向成排成带展布;利用平衡剖面法,并结合区域构造研究成果将该区构造演化划为五个阶段:被动陆缘裂陷阶段(Z-O1)、拉张至挤压环境转变阶段(O2-S)、北东和北西向构造发育阶段(D-P1)、古生代构造的再生长及近东西向褶皱形成阶段(J)、大面积的整体升降运动阶段(K-Q).     

塔里木盆地跃南地区二叠系火山岩储层成因机理研究

通过普通薄片及铸体薄片观察、扫描电子显微镜、阴极发光、能谱分析及主量元素分析等岩石学、矿物学、地球化学手段, 对塔里木盆地跃南地区二叠系火山岩储层成因机理进行系统研究。研究发现, 二叠系火山岩储层中以次生储集空间为主, 孔隙度可高达14%, 渗透率最高可达13.1×10^?3 μm², 可以作为有利的储层。风化作用是次生孔隙和裂缝的主要成因, 风化作用强度由深到浅逐渐增大, 储层物理性能与之呈正相关关系, 风化作用在跃南1井中影响范围达220 m左右。风化过程中, 火山岩在冷却阶段产生的大量原生孔隙、冷凝收缩缝、隐爆裂缝及矿物本身具有的解理缝、双晶缝等薄弱面是优先发生溶蚀、淋滤的部位。在流纹岩中发现长石斑晶及基质的风化序列, 确定风化产物以伊利石为主, 含少量蒙脱石, 并且保存了黏土矿物整个序列的生长过程。风化作用能在原生孔隙和裂缝的基础上改善火山岩的孔隙结构, 使储集空间类型复杂多样, 大大提高了储层物理性能, 是塔里木盆地跃南地区二叠系火山岩储层的主控因素。     

C－isotope composition and significance of the Sinian on the Tarim plate

102 samples of limestones,mudrocks shales and tillites from the Sinian in Kuluketage have been analyzed ,Four formations in the Sinian belong to glacial deposits in which the differences in δ^13C are distinct (-14.7‰- 4.2‰),Distinctly negative δ^13C excursions for three times support the viwe of three glacial deposits in this area suggested by previous authors,except for the durations of them ,δ^13C values are generally positive in the Beiyixi Formation of lower part of the Lower Sinian ,representing probably the rock records of a continental rift related to break-up of the Rodinian supercontinent,There are three times of distinct excursions of δ^13C curve in all strata,The first one is from positive values at the bottom to about -5‰ at the top of the Beiyixi Formation ,The second one,from 0‰-3‰ in the Arletonggou Formation of upper part of the Lower Sinian to -3.4‰---14.4‰ in the Teruiaiken Formation.The third one,from positive values in the Zhamoketi Formation of lower part of the Upper Sinian to negative values in glacial varves at the top of the Hankeerqiaoke Formation.     

塔里木河下游公益林植物群落分类及其群落特征研究

对塔里木河下游公益林30个样地的实际调查资料,运用二元指示种分析（TWINSPAN）对该区植物群落进行了分类,采用物种多样性指数、丰富度和均匀度指数对塔里木河下游的天然植被的物种多样性进行了分析。结果表明,研究区内的植物区系组成贫乏,群落结构简单,多样性指数和丰富度指数均较低,TWINSPAN程序将30个样地划分为9个群落类型。     

1961-2005年塔里木河中游径流量损耗分析

运用定量计算与定性分析的方法,对塔里木河中游段径流量变化做了变异系数和趋势分析,探讨了塔里木河中游径流损耗的特点和原因．分析了径流变化对生态环境的影响,得出了1961--2005年塔里木河中游径流量、耗水量变化趋势、中游耗水量和中游径流量之间有明显的正相关结论．     

塔里木盆地库车地区早第三纪伸展盆地的证据

库车坳陷早第三纪伸展构造的证据有三，一是盆地在早第三纪时虽然沉陷范围较大，但沉陷速率较低。其沉降速率与处于伸展构造环境的侏罗、白垩纪盆地相似，而与处于挤压构造环境的三叠纪前陆盆地和晚第三纪前陆盆地相去甚远；二是在盆地东部吐格尔明背斜的北冀与南面塔北隆起的下第三系砾岩中发育有高角度的同生正断层；三是在盆地下第三系地层中发现的灰质砾岩、含砾灰岩等海相沉积和海相腹足类化石及膏盐层均运离古南天山造山带分布，剖面上也不具有前陆盆地沉积典型的楔状沉积的特征，由此不仅说明本区早第三纪海侵的存在，而且还说明在早第三纪发生过伸展作用。     

塔里木板块坡十侵入体地化特征及岩石成因

坡十侵入体位于塔里木板块东北部坡北岩体内,是该岩体第三阶段岩浆活动形成的小侵入体之一.主要岩石类型有纯橄岩、二辉橄榄岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩和斜长橄榄二辉岩.岩石化学组成属拉斑玄武岩系列,普遍富集大离子亲石元素,岩石εNd(t)=+1.3～+8.5,显示亏损型地幔特征.岩石学和地球化学特征表明原生岩浆为苦橄质岩浆,岩浆演化过程发生了一定程度的同化混染作用,坡十侵入体与塔里木板块东北部的二叠纪幔源岩浆岩应该是塔里木大火成岩省的组成部分.     

塔里木盆地志留-泥盆系沉积体系及勘探方向讨论

塔里木盆地志留-泥盆系油气藏的发现,展示了志留-泥盆系良好的勘探潜力.通过沉积相、储层、成藏因素的分析,认为志留系和泥盆系的沉积体系多样.志留-泥盆系均发育有较好的储层,但是在不同地区,储层的发育特征具有较大的差别.构造运动对油气的聚集起着重要的作用,但同时对已形成的油藏可能发生调整.主要的勘探方向应注意寻找保存条件较好的正常充注、破坏程度较弱的古油藏.     

新疆柯坪大湾沟奥陶系顶部-志留系底部化学地层特征讨论

新疆塔里木盆地奥陶系-志留系界线可能在柯坪县大湾沟剖面柯坪塔格组下段顶部-中段底部的泥岩夹白云岩地层内穿过,化学地层分析将有助于该界线问题的解决。对系统采集的72个样品进行ICP测试和数据对比、校正,w(Ce)/w(La) 化学地层分析结果表明,柯坪塔格组下段-中段界线层可细分为3个化学地层段,化学波动趋势可能反映了古水体氧化-还原度的变化,其与生物化石的变化趋势可对比,出现的异常峰可能与峡东奥陶系-志留系界线附近的异常相对应。     

塔里木盆地中上奥陶统碳酸盐岩层序格架及其对礁滩体的控制

 以露头和钻井资料为基础,结合层序地层学、生物地层学及沉积学理论,建立了塔里木盆地中上奥陶统碳酸盐岩层序格架,并探讨层序与礁滩体发育之间的关系.研究表明,中上奥陶统发育5个3级层序,其中塔中地区的良里塔格组3个3级层序可进一步划分为7个4级层序,塔中的良里塔格组中上部与塔北地区的桑塔木组多为同时异相关系,可见塔中与塔北良里塔格组为一明显的穿时地层单元;塔中良里塔格组共发育5期礁滩体,高频层序对礁滩体发育具有很好的控制作用,对礁滩储层预测有指导意义.     

Water Pricing Policy in Tarim Basin of China

1　Necessity for Study of WaterPricingChina ranks the thirteenth among the countrieswith serious watershortage problems in the world.The average water amount owned per person isonly 2 4 0 0 m3/ year,which is about 1 / 4of theworld average.But the problem is not only theshortage of water but also its uneven distributionbetween different time periods and regions inChina.Serious water shortage problems occur insome areas such as North China and NorthwestChina(including Hebei,Inner Mongolia,G…