改性纳米羟基锡酸锌的制备及表征

用共沸蒸馏方法制备了纳米ZnSn(OH)6颗粒,然后在共沸蒸馏纳米ZnSn(OH)6-正丁醇的体系中,直接加入硬脂酸制备了改性纳米ZnSn(OH)6颗粒.用XRD、TEM、FTIR和TG/DTA等对这种纳米颗粒的形貌和结构进行了表征,所得表面改性纳米ZnSn(OH)6的大小为60~80nm.并对改性机理进行了初步探讨.把改性纳米颗粒加在软质PVC中,和微米级产品相比,其氧指数提高17.8%.     

纳米Al2O3改性不饱和聚酯树脂的研究

用未经表面处理和经过表面处理的纳米Al2O3对不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)进行填充改性,研究了纳米Al2O3的用量对UPR拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度的影响.结果表明,当纳米Al2O3的填充量为8%时,材料的增强增韧效果最好,但当纳米Al2O3的加入量为6%～8%时出现了很明显的脆韧转变.用差热分析法测定复合材料的玻璃化温度(tg)发现,UPR/纳米Al2O3复合材料的tg比纯UPR高,且经表面处理的纳米Al2O3填充的UPR的tg更高,这与力学性能测试结果一致.原位共混法可以实现纳米Al2O3的良好分散,相应地具有更好的增韧效果.     

纳米MoS2含量对纳米微量润滑磨削CFRPs的影响

为了研究磨削碳纤维复合材料(CFRPs)时,纳米二硫化钼(MoS₂)含量对纳米微量润滑效果的影响,制备了不同质量分数(0%,3%,6%,9%,12%)的纳米MoS₂和棕榈油混合液,作为纳米微量润滑油液,对碳纤维复合材料进行磨削加工.使用光学显微镜,观测分析碳纤维复合材料的表面粗糙度、表面形貌.使用测力仪对磨削力进行测量,并通过磨削力计算出磨削力比.最后对纳米(MoS₂)在纳米微量润滑磨削过程中的作用机理进行了阐述.结果表明,当纳米(MoS₂)质量分数为9%时磨削力比最低,为0.0632,表面粗糙度R_○a值最小,为1.86μm,且表面碳纤维损伤最小.     

水热法制备BaF2纳米颗粒

采用水热合成法,以BaCl2和KF为反应物,在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作表面活性剂的水-醇体系中制备了结晶良好的BaF2纳米颗粒.考察了PVP用量对纳米颗粒生成的影响.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和红外光谱(IR)等测试手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明,以PVP为表面活性剂可以完善BaF2的结晶质量,以形成立方结构的BaF2纳米颗粒.     

表面活性剂对制备纳米MoS2颗粒的影响

采用表面活性剂促助法制备纳米MoS2颗粒,考察不同类型的表面活性剂对产物结构和形貌的影响.用红外光谱(IR)考察改性后纳米颗粒的表面结构,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)表征产物的形貌和结构.研究结果表明:不同类型的表面活性剂及其复配剂均对产物进行不同程度的改性,其中,阳离子型表面活性剂的改性效果最好,但阴离子型和非离子型表面活性剂的复配作用促助产生特殊的MoS2纳米杆结构,而且这种纳米杆并没有出现常见的层状结构或特殊的富勒烯结构.     

Ag2Se纳米晶的水热合成及表征

在低温水热条件下,以AgNO3、Na2SeO3或单质硒为反应物,制备了金属硫族化合物Ag2Se纳米晶.用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)分别对Ag2Se纳米晶的结构及形貌进行了表征分析.结果表明,所得样品为正交晶系的Ag2Se纳米晶,主要形貌为不规则的纳米颗粒;同时采用不同硒源及表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)可以获得不同形貌的纳米晶.     

NiS纳米晶的水热合成及表征

在低温水热条件下,以NiCl2.6H2O、Na2S2O3、硫脲为反应物,制备了金属硫族化合物NiS纳米晶.用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)分别对NiS纳米晶的结构及形貌进行了表征分析.结果表明,所得样品为六方晶系的NiS纳米晶;同时采用不同硫源及表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)可以获得不同形貌的纳米晶.     

磁搅拌研磨方法制备纳米石墨及其特性分析

采用磁搅拌研磨法在6h内快速制得了高纯纳米石墨.利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附、高分辨透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X-射线能量色散谱分析(EDS)和傅里叶变化近红外光谱(FT-IR)对纳米石墨进行了系统表征.经XRD分析,确认其为纳米石墨;经氮气吸附测试分析,纳米石墨的比表面积为661m2/g;高分辨透射电镜分析表明纳米石墨为纳米石墨片和多层石墨烯的混合物,其粒径分布在50～100nm左右;用红外光谱和EDS分析,纳米石墨表面具有较多的羟基和羧基等官能团,氧元素含量达22.47%.     

纳米二氧化钛的原位有机表面改性及性能

低温条件下通过控制TiCl4水解制备出金红石型的纳米TiO2,通过原位表面修饰的方法制备了十二烷基水杨酸(DASA)表面改性的纳米TiO2 (TiO2/DASA).分别采用傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和热分析仪(TGA)对表面改性前后的纳米TiO2进行了表征.通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)和分散稳定性实验分析,DASA能有效改善纳米TiO2在有机介质中的分散性能.在丙烯酸树脂中加入DASA改性的纳米TiO2,并进行超声波分散和成膜,获得了含不同比例纳米TiO2的丙烯酸树脂复合薄膜.原子力显微镜(AFM)分析结果表明DASA表面改性的纳米TiO2在丙烯酸树脂中分散性好,且纳米微粒的引入显著改变了树脂薄膜的表面形貌.对制得的纳米复合涂膜进行紫外-可见吸收光谱分析,结果表明,随着纳米TiO2含量的增加,纳米复合涂膜对紫外光的吸收呈上升趋势,抗紫外线性能增强.     

PMMA/SiO2纳米复合膜表面性能的研究

采用有机硅处理剂对纳米SiO2进行化学修饰,得到表面官能团化的纳米SiO2,然后再通过溶液聚合法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/二氧化硅(PMMA/SiO2)纳米复合膜.利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、水接触角仪(WCA)对其进行表征.结果表明,经有机硅处理剂官能团化的纳米SiO2能很好地分散于PMMA基体中,SiO2有富集到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯表面的趋势,加入纳米SiO2降低了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯表面自由能,提高了膜表面的水接触角.经四氢呋喃溶剂刻蚀后,膜表面的水接触角显著提高,得到憎水型PMMA/SiO2纳米复合膜.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with