用煤系高岭土制取白炭黑的研究

介绍了以煤系高岭土为原料制备白炭黑的新方法。详细考察了高岭土活化温度、酸度、酸量、反应时间等对白炭黑物化参数的影响,并分别用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度仪及N2静态容量吸附法等物理手段测试了白炭黑的物相结构、表观形貌、二氧化硅含量、粒度及比表面积和孔结构。结果表明,用该方法制得的白炭黑比表面和纯度远远高于国家标准,并且中孔孔隙结构发育,粒度分布集中。     

高比表面积煤系高岭土材料的制备及其结构表征

高比表面积改性煤系高岭土具有优异的性能,现已被广泛地应用于多种行业。本文以内蒙煤系高岭土为原料,将其高温煅烧制得偏高岭土后,再经盐酸改性用以制备高比表面煤系高岭土材料;通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差热-热重分析(DTA-TGA)和N2吸附-脱附等手段对改性前后煤系高岭土的晶体结构及比表面积进行了表征,实验考察了煅烧温度、煅烧时间、盐酸用量、盐酸浓度及反应时间对煅烧煤系高岭土比表面积的影响,确定了酸改性煤系高岭土的最佳工艺条件;在最佳工艺条件下制备的盐酸改性煤系高岭土材料的比表面积高达465 m2/g。     

用煤系高岭土制取白炭黑的研究

介绍了以煤系高岭土为原料制备白炭黑的新方法。详细考察了高岭土活化温度、酸度、酸量、反应时间等对白炭黑物化参数的影响，并分别用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度仪及N2静态容量吸附法等物理手段测试了白炭黑的物相结构、表观形貌、二氧化硅含量、粒度及比表面积和孔结构。结果表明，用该方法制得的白炭黑比表面和纯度远远高于国家标准，并且中孔孔隙结构发育，粒度分布集中。     

干燥方式对沉淀白炭黑性能的影响

以水玻璃和硫酸为原料,文章采用化学沉淀法制备了白炭黑料浆,然后通过烘箱干燥、微波干燥和喷雾干燥3种不同的干燥方式获得白炭黑颗粒.采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、比表面积(BET)分析、吸油值(DBP)分析等对3种不同颗粒的结构、形貌及性能进行了表征.结果表明:喷雾干燥得到的颗粒较适中,为30～50 μm;微波干燥的颗粒...     

混合型纳米氧化铝的爆轰合成研究

 利用700 g硝酸铝、199 g尿素和300 g黑索金为原料制成高密度的水胶炸药,该炸药在爆炸罐中爆轰合成出了纳米氧化铝.利用高分辨率透射电镜和X光衍射仪器对实验得到的粉体进行了分析.透射结果表明该法所得到的氧化铝颗粒尺寸都是纳米级的,而且颗粒的形状呈球形,最小的颗粒约8 nm,颗粒尺寸为15nm左右的居多.衍射结果表明大部分的纳米氧化铝为α型,有少部分的θ型.另外把纳米氧化铝在不同温度下进行烧结.根据烧结后的衍射曲线简单分析了氧化铝的烧结过程.同时指出大部分θ(型氧化铝的转化温度为900℃左右.     

纳米α-Al2O3粉体的机械化学合成法制备及其表征

以分析纯的结晶氯化铝和碳酸氢铵为原料,可溶性淀粉为分散剂,采用机械化学合成法制备了纳米α-Al2O3粉体.经X射线衍射实验证明,产品为α相,Scherrer公式计算得粉体粒径为26.40 nm.用透射电子显微镜(TEM)测得粉体呈球形,粒径为30～40 nm.该法克服了单纯的固相法产品颗粒不均匀和形状难以控制,以及液相法颗粒易团聚的缺点,同时兼顾了二者工艺简单,生产成本低,产品质量稳定、纯度高等优点,适用于大型工业化生产.     

纳米In2O3的微乳液法合成及表征

以无机盐为原料,采用微乳液法制备纳米三氧化二铟粉体,研究了微乳液反应条件及反应后处理对纳米氧化铟粉体质量的影响,利用差热-热重(TG-DTA)、红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析手段对所制纳米氧化铟粉体的结构、粒度、形貌、成分等进行了表征与分析.结果表明:该法制得的氧化铟纳米粉具有立方体心结构,纯度较高,颗粒均匀呈球形,分散性良好,平均粒径达14 nm.     

微波法提取煤矸石中氧化铝的实验研究

为探索煤矸石制备高性能材料,提高其使用效率,以煤矸石为原料,在微波场中通过酸浸法提取煤矸石中氧化铝。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM),红外光谱仪(IR)等对煤矸石、酸浸渣和浸出产物进行分析。研究了酸浸时间、酸浸温度、固液比、微波功率等因素对氧化铝产率的影响。结果表明:微波功率500W、固液比1∶6、酸浸时间50min、酸浸温度80℃,氧化铝产率可以达到93.78%,其颗粒尺寸约为200nm。     

硅基氧化铝模板的制备

多孔氧化铝(PAA)以其支持均匀有序的纳米级微孔、自身可被大面积制备和在450 nm左右的蓝光发射等特性,成为纳米级材料理想的宿主.通过自组织作用形成的多孔氧化铝具有纳米级的孔径、并且具有尺寸可调等很多优点,因此在制备纳米量级的纤维、纳米棒、金属管、半导体等新型材料上,多孔氧化铝已经成为一种常用的模板.本文通过电子束蒸发在硅衬底镀一层铝膜,然后在酸性电解质溶液中阳极氧化制得多孔氧化铝模板,采用X射线衍射(XRD),电子扫描显微镜(SEM)和光致发光谱(PL)对其结构、表面形貌和性能进行了分析.     

单分散纳米氧化铋的制备

以硝酸铋、氢氧化钠为原料,采用化学沉淀法直接合成了纳米氧化铋粉体.利用X射线衍射仪、激光粒度分析仪、透射电镜、化学分析法等对合成的纳米氧化铋粉体的结构、形貌、粒度、成分等进行了表征,研究了反应温度、反应时间、反应物浓度、表面活性剂等因素在制备纳米氧化铋粉体时对产物粒径和产率的影响.研究结果表明:采用化学沉淀法制备纳米氧化铋粉体时在Bi(NO3)3质量浓度为300 g/L, 油酸和十二烷基硫酸钠作表面活性剂, 反应温度为90 ℃,反应时间为2 h时,产率达99%,产物为α-Bi2O3,纯度达99.5%;颗粒均匀,呈球形,分散性很好,平均粒径约为60 nm.     

Influence of acid leaching and calcination on iron removal of coal kaolin

Calcination and acid leaching of coal kaolin were studied to determine an effective and economical preparation method of calcined kaolin. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that 900℃ was the suitable temperature for the calcination. Leaching tests showed that hydrochloric acid was more effective for iron dissolution from raw coal kaolin (RCK), whereas oxalic acid was more effective on iron dissolution from calcined coal kaolin (CCK). The iron dissolution from CCK was 28.78wt%, which is far less effective than the 54.86wt% of RCK under their respective optimal conditions. Through analysis by using M?ssbauer spectroscopy, it is detected that nearly all of the structural ferrous ions in RCK were removed by hydrochloric acid. However, iron sites in CCK changed slightly by oxalic acid leaching because nearly all ferrous ions were transformed into ferric species after firing at 900℃. It can be concluded that it is difficult to remove the structural ferric ions and ferric oxides evolved from the structural ferrous ions. Thus, iron removal by acids should be conducted prior to calcination.     

淀粉-高岭土/聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水树脂的制备和性能

 高吸水性树脂是目前发展最快的功能高分子材料之一。美国、西欧和日本是主要的生产和消费地区。中国在这方面起步较晚,但也取得了一定的进展。与当前主流产品丙烯酸类相比,淀粉来源丰富、价格低廉、可生物降解,是目前研究的重点。以丙烯酸盐、丙烯酰胺、高岭土和淀粉等为原料,通过溶液聚合法制备了复合型耐盐高吸水性树脂,研究了合成淀粉-高岭土/聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水树脂的工艺条件,引发剂、交联剂、干燥方法、高岭土、丙烯酰胺用量对材料耐盐的影响,制备得到了在去离子水、0.9% NaCl中吸水倍率分别达到1415和95g/g的样品。红外光谱和扫描电镜分析吸水树脂的形态和结构,发现共聚物的组成对高吸水树脂的分解温度和表面形态结构特征都存在较大影响。     

超声辅助制备高岭土/肼插层复合材料

以50%肼为插层剂,高岭土为原料,采用超声辅助插层法,成功地将肼分子插入到高岭土结构层间,制得高岭土/肼插层复合材料.采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)等对复合材料的结构进行了表征.结果表明:利用超声辅助制备高岭土,肼插层复合材料不仅可以大大缩短插层反应时间.插层后的高岭土粒径变小,层间距变大.     

山东新汶高岭石泥岩研究

山东新汶地区上石炭统十一层煤中产一种高岭石泥岩,广布于新汶地区。用偏光显微镜、电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、红外吸收光谱仪及化学分析研究表明,95％以上由高岭石族矿物组成,其化学成份接近于高岭石的理论组成,是陶瓷工业的重要原料。文中还对其形成进行了探讨,认为当属火山碎屑物质经后期蚀变成岩作用产物。     

Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Kaolin Modified Polyester Fibers

Modified polyester fibers were obtained using 2% and 6% of kaolin blends through melt spinning.The influences of two thermal treatments maintaining the original tension(180 ℃×2 min and 200 ℃×1 min)on the structure and properties of fiber were compared.The changes of grain size and crystallinity of fiber were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The changes of thermal properties of fibers were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA).The results show that the crystalline structure of kaolin modified polyester fiber doesn't change with the thermal treatment.With the kaolin content increasing,the grain size of fiber changed.The higher the thermal treatment temperature is,the higher the crystallinity of fiber is.There are two glass-transition temperatures for kaolin modified:the lower one is the glass-transition temperature of polyester fiber matrix,and the higher one is derived from the heterogeneous blend of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.The higher the kaolin content is,the higher the glass-transition temperature is.Thermal treatment could increase the compatibility of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.There was only one glass-transition temperature for the thermal treatment fiber,and the heat resistance of fiber was improved.Thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC)results of kaolin modified polyethylene terephthalate(PET)matrix indicate that the decomposition temperature of PET fibers,kaolin modified PET fibers,and thermal treated fibers were little different within 40%-60% of weight loss rate range.     

对乙酰氨基酚原料及其片剂的热稳定性研究

用热分析方法测量了对乙酰氨基酚原料及其片剂的热失重曲线,从其热失重曲线可知：片剂的起始失重温度高于原料药.以升温速率为10K.min-1为例,片剂的起始失重温度为504K,而原料药的起始失重温度为464K.本文采用Kissinger法对所获得的热失重曲线进行解析,分别得到他们的表观活化能和指前因子;对乙酰氨基酚原料的表观活化能和指前因子分别为56.73kJ.mol-1和1.100×105;对乙酰氨基酚片剂的表观活化能和指前因子分别为103.0kJ.mol-1和8.340×108.由阿伦尼乌斯公式得到对乙酰氨基酚原料和片剂在298.15K下的热降解速率常数分别为1.27×10-5和7.50×10-10.热分析实验结果表明：对乙酰氨基酚片剂的稳定性高于原料的稳定性.同时,采用DSC测量了对乙酰氨基酚的原料与片剂的熔化过程,得到其相关的热力学参数.     

铀在高岭土上的吸附动力学及热力学研究

采用静态法研究了铀(U(Ⅵ))在高岭土上的吸附特性,探讨了pH、离子强度、接触时间、温度、腐殖酸等对U(Ⅵ)在高岭土上吸附的影响.以宏观吸附实验为基础,对高岭土进行X线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征,并讨论了铀(U(Ⅵ))在高岭土上的吸附动力学及热力学行为.结果说明,准二级动力学模型可以用来描述铀在高岭土上的吸附.通过对溶液pH值和离子强度因素的研究,溶液pH值对铀的吸附影响比离子强度对铀的吸附影响更大.在较低pH值下,腐殖酸对吸附有加强的作用;在较高pH值下,腐殖酸对吸附有抑制作用.Freundlich模型可较好地描述高岭土对U(Ⅵ)的吸附过程.高岭土对U(Ⅵ)的吸附为自发且吸热的过程,主要是表面单分子层吸附.     

One step sintering of homogenized bauxite raw material and kinetic study

A one-step sintering process of bauxite raw material from direct mining was completed, and the kinetics of this process was analyzed thoroughly. The results show that the sintering kinetics of bauxite raw material exhibits the liquid-phase sintering behavior. A small portion of impurities existed in the raw material act as a liquid phase. After X-ray diffraction analyses, scanning electron microscopy observations, and kinetics calculations, sintering temperature and heating duration were determined as the two major factors contributing to the sintering process and densification of bauxite ore. An elevated heating temperature and longer duration favor the densification process. The major obstacle for the densification of bauxite material is attributed to the formation of the enclosed blowhole during liquid-phase sintering.     

Preparation and characterization of poly（styrene／maleic anhydride）／kaolin nanocomposites

The direct exfoliation of in situ intercalative copolymerized styrene/maleic anhydride charge-transfer-complex (PSMA) into the inter lamellar spaces of modified kaolin (Kao-DMSO), which was intercalated and surface modified by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), was reported. The nano structure of the composites was investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The interaction between kaolin surface and PSMA chain was conformed by FTIR analysis.The XRD results showed that the intercalated polystyrene-maleic anhydride units were arranged in the flattened monolayer arrangements, and the 001 diffraction peak of the original kaolin disappeared. The TEM image showed that thekaolin was exfoliated into nanometer size and dispersed in the polymer matrix. Additionally the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was studied by thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA), and the resulting thermogram indicated that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was significantly increased.