RTK技术在城市导线测量中的应用

结合所承担的济宁市地形测量工程实例,采用徕卡SR530 GPS,研究了利用RTK技术取代全站仪进行城市导线测量的方法,并将测量成果和全站仪测量成果进行了比较和分析.工程作业结果表明,在较平坦地区RTK技术可以代替全站仪进行城市导线测量,且在中低精度的导线测量中,GPS RTK 的使用完全能满足精度要求,提高作业效率.     

浅谈GPS测量技术在水利工程中的应用

随着社会经济的发展,GPS测量技术在水利工程建设中的应用不断地广泛。该文结合水利工程建设中地形测绘的一些实例,针对GPS在水利工程建设中地形测绘、放样的技术作业标准和水下测量工序顺序进行了重点阐述,也深入探讨了水利工程地形测量中平面控制测量实施过程等,有一定的理论价值和现实意义,供同行借鉴。     

GPS RTK与全站仪联合在地形测绘中的应用

本文介绍了全站仪联合GPS RTK进行数字测图的作业流程以及CASS7.1的成图过程,简要阐明了其在地形测量中的应用,为以后数字化校园乃至数字化城市建设的先期工作奠定了基础。     

浅析GPS(RTK)联合全站仪在数字测图中的应用

主要介绍GPS(RTK)的基本原理、全站仪的基本原理及联合作业的过程。通过实例证明:在地形测量时,空旷地区的地形、地物用RTK测量;村庄、建筑物等地形复杂地区,利用RTK实时测出图根点的坐标和高程,然后利用全站仪测量,这种方法的可行性。     

基于GPS技术的航道水下地形测量研究

本文基于笔者长期从事水下地形测量的相关工作经验,研究探讨了GPS技术在水下地形测量中应用,笔者首先详细阐述了GPS水下地形测量的原理及水下地形测量控制网测量方案,而后基于长期的项目实践给出了具体的作业流程,最后概述了水下地形测量结果的验证方法,全文既是来自于多个项目的技术总结,同时笔者也进行了一定的理论提炼,相信对从事相关工作的同行有着重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

网络RTK技术（VRS）简析

结合GPS动态定位技术(RTK)在测量领域中应用的局限性,简单叙述了VRS技术(虚拟参考站卫星定位服务系统)的基本工作原理,并对GPS网络RTK技术(VRS)做出了简要分析。     

浅谈数字化地形测量

本文以数字化地形测量实践为基础，介绍了GPS＋全站仪＋计算机数字化地形测量的一些成熟方法，并就地形测量模式更新对测绘单位仪器设备、人员素质、管理方式、作业组织等产生的影响提出了作者的相应观点。     

GPS RTK在地形测量中的应用

GPS RTK技术作为先进的测量技术在众多生产中发挥着日益广泛和重要的作用,它在各种测量工作中应用广泛,与常规仪器相比非常明显地提高了作业效率和作业精度。本文简要讨论S82 GPS RTK系统在大比例地形测量中的应用及相关技巧。     

VRS技术在城镇地籍测绘中的应用

随着测绘技术的不断进步和发展,GPS实时动态定位技术（RTK）在测绘领域的应用日益广泛,而VRS（虚拟参考站Virtual ReferenceStation）技术的出现,更是为RTK测量提供了新的技术平台,给测绘行业带来了革命性的变化。本文探讨了VRS系统实际工作中的应用尤其是在城镇地籍测量中的应用及实际工作中遇到问题及其解决方案。     

VRS技术在建筑红线定位测量中的应用

VRS(虚拟参考站)技术是GPS(全球定位系统)网络RTK(实时动态定位)技术的一种,它与传统测量技术和传统RTK技术相比有很多优点。文中结合武汉市建筑红线定位测量的实践,探讨了VRS技术在建筑红线定位测量中应用的控制加密、实地放线等问题。实践应用分析证明,利用VRS技术不仅能提高精度,保证工作的质量,还能大幅提高工作效率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-