HIV感染者口腔白假丝酵母菌生长曲线及代时分析

目的:了解HIV感染者口腔白假丝酵母菌的群体生长规律,为口腔念珠菌病的发病机理研究、诊断及防治提供基础。方法:将108株经两次激活的分离自HIV感染者和健康人群口腔的白假丝酵母菌接种于YPD液体培养基37℃培养15 h,每间隔1 h取样采用血球计数板活菌计数法计算活菌数,同时用酶标仪测定OD600值,绘制生长曲线并计算代时。结果:绘制了分离自HIV感染者和健康人口腔的白假丝酵母菌的生长曲线,0~3 h为迟缓期,4~10 h为对数生长期,稳定期开始于10 h,两组白假丝酵母菌的生长曲线基本相似。108株白假丝酵母菌的代时为1.568 h,其中HIV感染者白假丝酵母菌代时为1.354 h,健康人群白假丝酵母菌的代时为1.782 h,HIV感染者来源的白假丝酵母菌生长速度比健康人群来源的白假丝酵母菌快0.428 h,但差异无统计学意义。结论:HIV感染者和健康人群口腔白假丝酵母菌的生长曲线各个时期基本一致,HIV感染者口腔白假丝酵母菌生长速率较健康人群稍快,在口腔念珠菌病致病中的作用需要进一步研究。     

感染HIV儿童抗逆转录病毒治疗时机的初步探讨

目的通过检测甘肃省3名感染HIV儿童CD4~+T淋巴细胞计数和HIV-1病毒载量,探讨感染HIV儿童开展抗逆转录病毒治疗时机的选择。方法 CD4~+T淋巴细胞计数按照美国BD公司FACS Calibur四色流式细胞仪和相应试剂说明书进行,HIV-1病毒载量按照法国生物梅里埃公司NucliSens easyQ HIV-1 v1.1试剂说明书进行。结果 3名感染HIV儿童CD4~+T淋巴细胞计数均在目前中国开始抗逆转录病毒治疗的CD4~+T淋巴细胞计数标准(350个/μL)以上,而HIV-1病毒载量治疗前平均在10~5IU/mL左右。其中两名儿童开展抗逆转录病毒治疗3个月后,HIV-1病毒载量降至10~2IU/mL左右。未开展治疗的儿童其HIV-1病毒载量仍维持在10~5IU/mL。结论儿童一旦感染HIV,应尽早诊断和及时开展抗逆转录病毒治疗。     

活血陪元法治疗对艾滋病患者T淋巴细胞功能的影响

目的研究活血培元法治疗对艾滋病患者T淋巴细胞功能的影响.方法筛选已经开始服用抗逆转录病毒药物的HIV/AIDS成年患者24例,且病毒载量＜500 copies/ml,随机分成两组,一组加用东研Ⅰ号颗粒(中成药)和安慰剂对照,观察患者0、12、24w后的临床症状体征、T淋巴细胞亚群、血清HIV病毒载量以及细胞因子(IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、INF-γ)的变化.结果分析中药组与对照组0、12、24w后症状体征积分两组存在明显差异(P＜0.05);T细胞亚群CD4+T细胞绝对计数也有明显差异(P＜0.05);细胞因子两组均无明显差异(P＞0.05).两组病毒载量始终均为＜500 copies/ml.结论中药活血陪元法(东研Ⅰ号颗粒)能有效改善HIV/AIDS患者的临床症状及体征,提高患者的CD4+T细胞绝对计数,协助抗逆转录病毒药物控制病毒载量,但未发现对患者T细胞功能的部分细胞因子有显著影响.     

活血陪元法治疗对艾滋病患者T淋巴细胞功能的影响

目的研究活血培元法治疗对艾滋病患者T淋巴细胞功能的影响.方法筛选已经开始服用抗逆转录病毒药物的HIV/AIDS成年患者24例,且病毒载量＜500 copies/ml,随机分成两组,一组加用东研Ⅰ号颗粒(中成药)和安慰剂对照,观察患者0、12、24w后的临床症状体征、T淋巴细胞亚群、血清HIV病毒载量以及细胞因子(IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、INF-γ)的变化.结果分析中药组与对照组0、12、24w后症状体征积分两组存在明显差异(P＜0.05);T细胞亚群CD4+T细胞绝对计数也有明显差异(P＜0.05);细胞因子两组均无明显差异(P＞0.05).两组病毒载量始终均为＜500 copies/ml.结论中药活血陪元法(东研Ⅰ号颗粒)能有效改善HIV/AIDS患者的临床症状及体征,提高患者的CD4+T细胞绝对计数,协助抗逆转录病毒药物控制病毒载量,但未发现对患者T细胞功能的部分细胞因子有显著影响.     

复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病菌种分子分类与药敏的研究

目的探讨临床分离酵母菌分子分类方法和药物敏感性特征.方法临床收集复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的93株酵母菌,应用法国生物梅里埃酵母菌药敏试剂盒ATBTMFUNGUS3进行体外药物敏感性试验,以核糖体基因26S rDNA D1/D2区的序列分析为依据研究其菌种的分子分类方法.结果 93株酵母菌分为光滑假丝酵母菌（38/93）、白色假丝酵母菌（23/93）、近平滑假丝酵母菌（16/93）、似平滑假丝酵母菌（9/93）等9个种11个基因型.其中有18株为敏感株,3株完全耐药.5种常用抗真菌药物的敏感性是5FC 83.87%,AMB 93.55%,FCA 27.96%,ITR 21.51%,VRC 43.01%.结论基于核糖体基因的分子分类法可以准确鉴定酵母菌临床分离株,复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病菌种呈现以光滑假丝酵母菌为主的非白色假丝酵母菌占75.27%的分布特征.93株酵母菌对AMB,5FC的敏感性高于三唑类药物,三唑类药物中ITR耐药率高于VRC,FCA.药物敏感性与菌种有关.     

HAART对男男性行为HIV/AIDS患者疗效观察

目的:探讨HAART治疗对MSM感染人群的治疗效果。方法:对2006至2013年接受HAART治疗年满18岁且治疗满1年以上的224例MSM患者,治疗前后免疫重建、病毒载量、性伴/配偶检测情况、安全套的使用频率及接触性伴人数进行统计。结果:经HAART治疗的MSM患者病毒量比治疗前得到有效控制(病毒载量小于50 copies/m L),CD4+T淋巴细胞计数治疗后比治疗前有明显的增长,大部分无保护性行为及性伴数下降(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义。结论:有效HAART治疗及良好的依从性能够使MSM感染者HIV得到有效控制,安全性行为意识增强,在预防和控制HIV通过男男性行为向普通人群扩散效果显著。     

51例肺结核继发肺部真菌感染临床分析

探讨肺结核继发肺部真菌感染的易感因素、临床特征、诊治方法和预后.应用回顾性调查的方法对51例肺结核继发肺部真菌感染患者的临床资料进行分析.结果56.86%(29/51)的病例患有3种疾病,以肺结核继发真菌感染同时合并其它呼吸系统疾病多见;继发真菌感染的诱因多与应用抗生素和激素、低蛋白血症有关;肺部真菌感染隐袭发病,缺乏特征性临床表现,X线胸片也缺乏特异性;51例真菌感染中致病菌以念珠菌居多;药敏试验以两性霉素B、氟胞嘧啶、氟康唑、伊曲康唑及酮康唑为对照药物,白假丝念珠菌敏感性较好,克柔假丝念珠菌耐药率相对较高.肺结核较易继发真菌感染,应加强抗生素及肾上腺皮质激素的规范应用,以减少真菌感染及其耐药率的发生,有利于结核病控制及减少死亡.     

活血陪元法治疗对艾滋病患者T淋巴细胞功能的影响

目的研究活血培元法治疗对艾滋病患者T淋巴细胞功能的影响。方法筛选已经开始服用抗逆转录病毒药物的H IVA/IDS成年患者24例,且病毒载量<500copiesm/l,随机分成两组,一组加用东研Ⅰ号颗粒(中成药)和安慰剂对照,观察患者0、12、24w后的临床症状体征、T淋巴细胞亚群、血清HIV病毒载量以及细胞因子(IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、INF-γ)的变化。结果分析中药组与对照组0、12、24w后症状体征积分两组存在明显差异(P<0.05);T细胞亚群CD4 T细胞绝对计数也有明显差异(P<0.05);细胞因子两组均无明显差异(P>0.05)。两组病毒载量始终均为<500copiesm/l。结论中药活血陪元法(东研Ⅰ号颗粒)能有效改善HIVA/IDS患者的临床症状及体征,提高患者的CD4 T细胞绝对计数,协助抗逆转录病毒药物控制病毒载量,但未发现对患者T细胞功能的部分细胞因子有显著影响。     

阴道念珠菌病患者阴道分泌物念珠菌培养鉴定及药敏分析

目的：了解大理地区妇科女性患者阴道分泌物念珠菌检出状况、菌群分布及对常用抗真菌药物的敏感性。方法：取有自觉阴道症状到妇科门诊就诊患者的阴道分泌物进行念珠菌培养、鉴定和药敏试验。结果：192份标本中念珠菌阳性标本55例,检出率28．6％,汉族和少数民族妇科门诊女性患者阴道分泌物念珠菌检出率分别为32．2％和25．7％,差异无显著性（P=0．324）;56株念珠菌中白色念珠菌32株、光滑念珠菌12株、克柔念珠菌5株、热带念珠菌4株、其它2株。56株念珠菌对KETO、FCZ、5-FC和Amb的耐药率最高的是KETO,达73．2％;最低的是Amb,无耐药株。结论：外阴阴道念珠菌病是妇科门诊的常见疾病,白色念珠菌仍是主要致病菌,光滑念珠菌感染逐渐增多。本地区妇科患者阴道异常分泌物检出念珠菌对常用抗真菌药物酮康唑存在普遍耐药现象,对两性霉素B基本无耐药株产生。     

不同微生物测定方法对阴道内念珠菌感染检验的效果比较分析

探究不同测定方法对阴道内念珠菌感染的检出效果。以阴道炎患者120例作为研究对象,开始时间为2018年6月,结束时间为2019年5月,均在入院后采集阴道分泌物标本,并分别接受凝集法以及培养法2种不同的微生物检验方式,统计阳性检出率,并进行对比分析。凝集法阳性检出率为80.0%(96/120),培养法的阳性检出率为65.0%(78/120);经比较,凝集法的阳性检出率明显高于培养法,P0.05。在对阴道内念珠菌感染的微生物测定方法中,相较于培养法,凝集法具有着更高、更快,更便捷的阳性检出率,因此,在对阴道念珠菌感染的微生物检测方法中,凝集法值得在临床中推广应用。     

Natural killer cells act as rheostats modulating antiviral T cells

Antiviral T cells are thought to regulate whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections result in viral control, asymptomatic persistence or severe disease, although the reasons for these different outcomes remain unclear. Recent genetic evidence, however, has indicated a correlation between certain natural killer (NK)-cell receptors and progression of both HIV and HCV infection, implying that NK cells have a role in these T-cell-associated diseases. Although direct NK-cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells may contribute to antiviral defence during some virus infections--especially murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infections in mice and perhaps HIV in humans--NK cells have also been suspected of having immunoregulatory functions. For instance, NK cells may indirectly regulate T-cell responses by lysing MCMV-infected antigen-presenting cells. In contrast to MCMV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice seems to be resistant to any direct antiviral effects of NK cells. Here we examine the roles of NK cells in regulating T-cell-dependent viral persistence and immunopathology in mice infected with LCMV, an established model for HIV and HCV infections in humans. We describe a three-way interaction, whereby activated NK cells cytolytically eliminate activated CD4 T cells that affect CD8 T-cell function and exhaustion. At high virus doses, NK cells prevented fatal pathology while enabling T-cell exhaustion and viral persistence, but at medium doses NK cells paradoxically facilitated lethal T-cell-mediated pathology. Thus, NK cells can act as rheostats, regulating CD4 T-cell-mediated support for the antiviral CD8 T cells that control viral pathogenesis and persistence.     

静脉与非静脉吸毒感染成人HIV/AIDS的HAART疗效对比研究

目的:探讨静脉吸毒与非静脉吸毒感染的成人HIV/AIDS患者抗逆转录病毒治疗的疗效及差异.方法:将入选病例按感染途径分为静脉吸毒与非静脉吸毒两组进行临床疗效比较,观察两组患者治疗后0、3、6、12、18、24个月的免疫重建CD4+T淋巴细胞绝对值计数(CD4细胞)变化,观察患者治疗后病毒载量(VL)检测情况,观察治疗前与治疗后患者体力状况的变化,观察治疗后机会性感染的发病情况、死亡率、坚持治疗率.结果:两组治疗前后比较,CD4细胞均明显上升(P<0.01),但两组之间治疗前后对比CD4细胞变化无统计学差异(P>0.05).治疗前后对比两组均发生体力状况改善、机会性感染率下降,两组间无统计学差异.静脉吸毒与非静脉吸毒感染患者坚持治疗率分别为65.12%、81.25%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01).静脉吸毒与非静脉吸毒感染患者的死亡率分别为18.60%、9.38%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论:经过高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)治疗静脉吸毒与非静脉吸毒感染的成人HIV/AIDS患者可以取得同样的治疗效果,但静脉吸毒感染者的死亡率增高、坚持治疗率低.     

Molecular epidemiology: HIV-1 and HCV sequences from Libyan outbreak

In 1998, outbreaks of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were reported in children attending Al-Fateh Hospital in Benghazi, Libya. Here we use molecular phylogenetic techniques to analyse new virus sequences from these outbreaks. We find that the HIV-1 and HCV strains were already circulating and prevalent in this hospital and its environs before the arrival in March 1998 of the foreign medical staff (five Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor) who stand accused of transmitting the HIV strain to the children.     

Human immunodeficiency virus induces phosphorylation of its cell surface receptor

AIDS is an immunoregulatory disorder characterized by depletion of the CD4+, helper/inducer lymphocyte population. The causative agent of this disease is the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, which infects CD4+ cells and leads to cytopathic effects characterized by syncytia formation and cell death. Recent studies have demonstrated that binding of HIV to its cellular receptor CD4 is necessary for viral entry. We find that binding of HIV to CD4 induces rapid and sustained phosphorylation of CD4 which could involve protein kinase C. HIV-induced CD4 phosphorylation can be blocked by antibody against CD4 and monoclonal antibody against the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120, indicating that a specific interaction between CD4 and gp120 is required for phosphorylation. Electron microscopy shows that a protein kinase C inhibitor does not impair binding of HIV to CD4+ cells, but causes an apparent accumulation of virus particles at the cell surface, at the same time inhibiting viral infectivity. These results indicate a possible role for HIV-induced CD4 phosphorylation in viral entry and identify a potential target for antiviral therapy.     

吉林地区病毒性肝炎分型分析

目的 了解吉林地区病毒性肝炎的型别分布及感染状况．方法 采用ELlSA法检测．结果 男性检出39例，女性检出21例，检出HAV23例，占38％；HBV25例，占42％，NCV6例，占10％；HVD未检出，HEV4例，占7％，HGV2例，占3％．乙型肝炎检出率最高，其次为甲型肝炎、丙型肝炎、戊型肝炎、庚型肝炎．丁型肝炎检出率为0．单纯感染56例；1例甲、丙、庚三重感染，1例为甲、乙二重感染．结论 甲、乙型肝炎仍为吉林地区人群感染的主要病原．     

PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression

Functional impairment of T cells is characteristic of many chronic mouse and human viral infections. The inhibitory receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1; also known as PDCD1), a negative regulator of activated T cells, is markedly upregulated on the surface of exhausted virus-specific CD8 T cells in mice. Blockade of this pathway using antibodies against the PD ligand 1 (PD-L1, also known as CD274) restores CD8 T-cell function and reduces viral load. To investigate the role of PD-1 in a chronic human viral infection, we examined PD-1 expression on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8 T cells in 71 clade-C-infected people who were naive to anti-HIV treatments, using ten major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I tetramers specific for frequently targeted epitopes. Here we report that PD-1 is significantly upregulated on these cells, and expression correlates with impaired HIV-specific CD8 T-cell function as well as predictors of disease progression: positively with plasma viral load and inversely with CD4 T-cell count. PD-1 expression on CD4 T cells likewise showed a positive correlation with viral load and an inverse correlation with CD4 T-cell count, and blockade of the pathway augmented HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell function. These data indicate that the immunoregulatory PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is operative during a persistent viral infection in humans, and define a reversible defect in HIV-specific T-cell function. Moreover, this pathway of reversible T-cell impairment provides a potential target for enhancing the function of exhausted T cells in chronic HIV infection.     

广西肝细胞癌与丙型肝炎的关系

用４种抗丙型肝炎病毒蛋白的单克隆抗体，免疫酶染色法直接检测肝细胞癌的病理组织中丙肝病毒蛋白。结果８／５２例（１５．４％），一至数种抗体阳性，阳性反应物主要定位于肝和癌细胞的胞浆中，值得注意的是本组几乎全部病例为乙肝，丙肝两种病毒混合感染，表明广西丙型肝炎的混合感染的比较高，乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）加上黄曲霉毒素（ＡＦＢ１）或丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）可能是广西肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）高发的原因。     

HIV requires multiple gp120 molecules for CD4-mediated infection

Binding of glycoprotein gp120 to the T cell-surface receptor CD4 is a crucial step in CD4-dependent infection of a target cell by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blocking some or all gp120 molecules on the viral surface should therefore inhibit infection. Consequently, competitive receptor inhibitors, such as soluble synthetic CD4 (sCD4), synthetic CD4 peptides and immunoglobulins, have been investigated in vitro and in vivo, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of these inhibitors. We have now quantitatively examined blocking by soluble CD4 in the hope of gaining insight into the complex process of viral binding, adsorption and penetration. At low sCD4 concentrations, the inhibition in three HIV strains is proportional to the binding of gp120. The biological association constant (gp120-sCD4 Kassoc) for HIV-2NIHZ is (8.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(7) M-1, whereas Kassoc for HIV-1HXB3 (1.4 +/- 0.2) and HIV-1MN (1.7 +/- 0.1) x 10(9) M-1 are 15-20-fold larger. For all three viral strains, the biological Kassoc from infectivity assays is comparable to the chemical Kassoc. The inhibitory action of sCD4 at high concentrations, however, is not fully explained by simple proportionality with the binding to gp120. Positive synergy in blocking of infection occurs after about half the viral gp120s molecules are occupied, and is identical for all three viral strains, despite the large differences in Kassoc. Our method of measuring the viral-cell receptor Kassoc directly from infectivity assays is applicable to immunoglobulins, to other viruses and to assays using primary or transformed cell lines.     

吉首产白蕾磨Clitocybe candida氨基酸分析

本文报道了用邻苯二甲醛（OPA）-β-巯基乙醇衍生化、反相梯度洗脱、荧光检测分析法对吉首产白蕾蘑（ClitocybeCandidaBres）子实体的十六种氨基酸含量检测结果，其氨基酸总量为24mg／100mg（干品），必需氨基酸组分齐全，含量为8.67mg／100mg，占氨基酸总量的36．1％。该检测法分离效果好，平均回收率达95％，氨基酸保留时间的变异系数平均为1．0±0．4％，其含量变异系数平均为2．8±0．7％，在10pmol－2nmol范围内，线性关系系数平均为0．987±0．008.     

2株甲型肝炎病毒蛋白酶2A核苷酸序列的测定与比较

从甲型肝炎病毒２个不同株感染的ＫＭＢ１７细胞中提取总ＲＮＡ,经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ特异性扩增出此２毒株病毒蛋白２Ａ基因,将２个２Ａ基因克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体上,经ＤＮＡ序列测定,得到２个２Ａ基因的核心苷酸序列,序列比较发现它们及与ＨＡＶ野毒株相对应序列有突变存在,Ｈ２株与ＨＭ１７５相比有一个点突变,同源性为９９．７２％;与ＨＭ１７５比较,Ｈ２株和Ｌ８株第３１９７位核苷酸均由Ａ突变为Ｇ,相应的氨基酸由丝氨酸