35SiMnMoV钢多相复合组织形态对常温冲击性能的影响

作者采用热处理方法,获得了马氏体+贝氏体+铁素体+奥氏体的多相纤维状复合组织。并与马氏体+铁素体纤维状双相组织和粒状贝氏体为主的复合组织进行了冲击性能、硬度、强度的对比。应用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜,对冲击断口形貌、复合组织形态进行了观察。用X射线衍射仪测定了奥氏体体积分数。结果表明:前者在低温回火或未回火状态下,与调质态的纤维状双相组织和回火态的粒状贝氏体组织相比,在等硬度、等强度下,具有更高的冲击韧性和更优异的强韧性配合。本文还探讨了冲击性能变化的机理。     

航空轴承钢渗碳热处理组织演变行为研究

利用EPMA与XRD等实验方法对航空轴承钢在渗碳热处理过程中的微观组织演变行为进行定性及定量分析.结果表明:在渗碳淬火处理后,试样表层及次表层组织中有大量的碳化物及少量的残留奥氏体,其中碳化物为M₂₃C₆和M₆C.随着渗层深度的增加,碳化物含量减少,残留奥氏体含量增加.经过二次淬火处理后,奥氏体与马氏体中碳质量分数增加,使得淬火后残留奥氏体质量分数大幅度增加,在渗层0.1mm处达到22.7%.经过两次深冷与回火处理后,马氏体与奥氏体中碳质量分数降低,碳化物含量增加,渗层硬度提升.     

Fe-13Cr-5Ni马氏体不锈钢在连续加热过程中两相区的奥氏体生长行为

通过光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪以及显微硬度仪研究Fe-13Cr-5Ni马氏体不锈钢在加热过程中的组织转变行为.结果表明,Fe-13Cr-5Ni钢在10℃·s-1的加热速率下,加热至奥氏体单相区,冷却至室温后具有明显的“组织遗传”现象.奥氏体以“针状”形式在马氏体板条界处形核并沿着马氏体板条界长大,与母相间保持Kurdjumov-Sachs(K-S)位向关系.加热至两相区不同温度然后淬火至室温,奥氏体的量随两相区保温温度的升高先增加再减少,650℃时对应室温下残余奥氏体的极大值,并且这一变化趋势与试样显微硬度测试结果所得结论一致.     

淬火回火低碳合金钢亚温退火过程中奥氏体的形成

本文研究了原始组织分别为“回火马氏体”和“回火冷轧马氏体”的10Mn CrNi Mo V钢亚温退火过程中奥氏体的形成。研究结果表明:奥氏体形成是形核和长大的过程。奥氏体优先在位于铁素体晶界和铁素体板条界上的碳化物处形核。奥氏体长大,在较低的亚温退火温度下,由晶界扩散控制,而在较高的亚温退火温度下,则由体积扩散所控制。亚温退火过程中发生锰的再分配,在奥氏体/铁素体界面上锰浓度有极大值,而在邻近的铁素体中的锰浓度有极小值,它减慢奥氏体的长大速度并控制显微组织的均匀化。奥氏体形态对原始组织很敏感,当原始组织为“回火马氏体”时,奥氏体为纤维状和半网状的混合形态;当原始组织为“回火冷轧马氏体”时,奥氏体为等轴状。     

深冷及回火处理对高速钢M42组织和力学性能影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及硬度仪,研究了-196℃深冷处理与常规热处理工艺组合对M42高速钢微观组织及硬度的影响,所采用的组合工艺包括:淬火+深冷处理,淬火+深冷处理+回火,淬火+回火+深冷处理.结果表明:淬火后深冷处理24h的工艺能明显细化晶粒,提高M42高速钢的硬度,促进残余奥氏体向马氏体转变及碳化物析出并弥散分布,并改变了马氏体的形态.在回火前对M42钢进行深冷处理可降低二次硬化回火温度,峰值温度由525℃降至450℃,硬度值为998.2HV,较未深冷处理提高了5.0%.回火后深冷处理工艺对M42高速钢组织及硬度的影响不明显.     

马氏体转变温度对奥氏体不锈钢的马氏体转变的影响

研究马氏体临界转变温度Ms、MD30与奥氏体不锈钢的马氏体转变之间的关系.结果表明：S30408与S30403的MD30的温度在室温范围,可以在室温下顺利进行马氏体转变,而S31603的MD30均低于-40℃,在室温下进行马氏体转变十分困难.     

低碳Si-Mn系DQ&P钢组织演变模拟研究

以低碳Si-Mn钢为研究对象,采用直接淬火-配分工艺,研究了不同变形温度和配分时间对组织演变行为的影响.结果表明,QP钢典型组织由马氏体、铁素体和少量残余奥氏体组成.其中马氏体呈现板条马氏体、孪晶马氏体等特征.随着配分时间的延长,显微组织呈现回火转变趋势.当变形温度为950℃和880℃时,残余奥氏体体积分数先增加后减少,均在配分150 s时达到最大值,分别为9.1%,10.1%.当变形温度在820℃时,由于先共析铁素体的存在易于获得较多的残余奥氏体,体积分数高达11.9%,并且残余奥氏体中平均碳含量相对较低.     

探索新强韧化机制 开拓超高强度钢新领域

论述了超细化马氏体板条，共格沉淀新强化相（Laves相），M2C碳化物和残余—逆转变奥氏体向马氏体相变诱发塑性等强韧化机理，用超纯洁熔炼、超均匀化及控制相变等工艺，获得一种低碳-14Cr-12Co-5Mo-Me新型超高强度、高塑性、高韧性不锈钢。     

耐冲击工具钢5Cr8MoVSi热处理过程中组织结构的变化

对5Cr8MoVSi钢热处理工艺研究表明，经840℃退火，碳化物类型以M23C6为主，并有少量的MC和M7C3.淬火组织中剩余碳化物以MC和M7C3为主，M23C6型碳化物在淬火加热时大部分溶解．该钢随淬火加热温度升高，淬火马氏体由板条状和针状马氏体混合组织过渡到以板条状马氏体为主．在沉淀硬化的回火温度(485℃)下，淬火针状马氏体仍显示出原马氏体针；而淬火板条状马氏体的板条状方向性几乎被完全切断，显微组织呈均匀化．该钢在1000～1050℃淬火时，残余奥氏体量为10．7％～12．3％，经485℃一次回火时，残余奥氏体量减少不大，因此，应进行二次或三次回火．淬回火HRC硬度最高为58～60．     

马氏体时效不锈钢α′→A逆转变形成规律研究

利用TEM、LK02型高速淬火膨胀仪及x射线衍射仪研究了马氏体时效不锈钢在连续加热及等温过程逆转变奥氏体的形成规律,对逆转变奥氏体的等温形成机理提出了新的设想,并采用计算机线性回归的方法建立了组织与性能间的关系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.