低弹性吸震发泡材料硫化特性的研究

研究开发了低弹性吸震闭孔式发泡材料,其力学性能符合adidas运动鞋材的标准.利用硫变仪研究了硫化条件和硫化特性,得出硫化交联反应速率常数k,表观活化能E,频率因子A以及硫化指数CCRI分别为9.96×10-3S-1,77.3kJ/mol,3.0×105和0.28S-1.确定了较适宜的硫化温度区间为(433～443K),最佳的硫化温度为438K.提出CCRI可作为确定正确的硫化交联反应温度的技术方法手段.     

稀土异戊橡胶替代天然橡胶共混硫化胶的性能研究

研究了稀土异戊橡胶(Nd-IR)和天然橡胶(NR)的共混比对其硫化性能及力学机械性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着Nd-IR用量的增加,Nd-IR/NR共混胶的焦烧时间延长,硫化安全性提高;Nd-IR/NR共混硫化胶的拉伸强度、定伸应力和弹性以及老化后性能率略有下降,硬度(邵尔A)、断裂伸长率和磨耗性能有所提高;电子扫描显微镜(SEM)对共混胶形态分析表明,炭黑在Nd-IR/NR共混橡胶中均匀分散,没有出现团聚和微相分离现象.     

轮胎胶应力诱导脱硫及共混丁苯橡胶力学性能

采用在熔融挤出过程中提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的高剪切应力诱导方法,研究了双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速和挤出反应温度对脱硫轮胎胶共混物(DGTR-EPDM)凝胶含量、溶液特性黏数和溶胶红外吸收光谱的影响.研究了脱硫工艺条件对丁苯橡胶脱硫轮胎胶共混物(SBR-DGTR-EPDM)再硫化共混材料力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力作用,可诱发废旧轮胎胶粒(GTR)中交联网络的断链反应和氧化降解作用,引起脱硫共混物(DGTR-EPDM)中凝胶含量的下降、溶液特性黏数的减小和溶胶分子链中含氧基团和亚磺酸酯基团的明显增加.挤出机螺杆转速越快,挤出反应温度越高,其所得SBR-DGTR-EPDM再硫化共混材料中未脱硫凝胶颗粒尺寸即越小.在最佳脱硫反应条件下,所得DGTR-EPDM-SBR再硫化共混材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到19.5MPa和400%.     

轮胎胶应力诱导脱硫及再硫化材料的力学性能

采用在熔融挤出过程中提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的高剪切应力诱导方法,研究了双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速、挤出反应温度和添加线性高分子材料品种对轮胎胶脱硫共混物(DGTR/EPDM)的凝胶含量、溶液特性黏数、溶胶分子链结构及再硫化材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的增加,强烈的剪切应力作用可引起轮胎胶粉中交联网络的断裂、降解反应,引起产物凝胶含量和溶胶特性黏数的明显下降;挤出反应温度越高,轮胎胶中交联网络的断裂、降解反应即越明显,产物凝胶含量和溶胶特性黏数的下降即越显著.采用具有较高门尼黏度的热塑性弹性体作为溶胀剂和承载流体时,可获得具有较高相对分子质量的脱硫共混物溶胶和较好力学性能的脱硫共混物共混丁苯橡胶再硫化材料.在220 ℃和1 200 r/min的脱硫反应条件下,所得脱硫共混物共混丁苯橡胶再硫化材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到21.0 MPa和456%,分别达到丁苯生胶混炼胶硫化材料拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的87.5%和128%.     

EVA交联发泡废弃物的机械力化学解交联调控及资源化利用

在不同温度下经过不同时间,利用HAAKE流变仪Roller转子提供的机械能对乙烯与乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)的交联发泡废弃物料进行机械力化学解交联,形成塑性流的解交联产物.通过分析解交联产物的溶胶和凝胶量,并用扫描电镜表征解交联产物的表面形貌,得到解交联最适宜的时间和温度.解交联产物与纯EVA的共混物,再经过氧化二异丙苯产生的自由基引发交联,研究了其力学性能,获得最佳的共混配比,使交联发泡的EVA废弃物料资源化再生利用.     

车用密封共混橡胶材料的研究与应用

对车用密封橡从成份设计及硫化工艺从原理上进行了分析,结合车用密封共混橡胶的特点,采用了多组元共混胶料与配合剂方法来实现橡胶多功能特性.实验结查表明:同一胶料在不同的硫化温度的状态下,其硫化速度是不一样的,温度越高硫化的时间越快,但超过一定温度后胶料的强度会有所下降.对车用密封橡胶材料采用共混橡胶成分配方结合硫化工艺的所制备材料,完全满足设计要求.     

HSP含量对EVA发泡材料微观结构和力学性能的影响

采用注射成型工艺制备了一系列不同配比的乙烯-乙酸乙酯共聚物(ethylene-vinyl acetate,EVA)汉麻秆芯粉(hemp stem powder,HSP)发泡材料.通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)观察了HSP的结构形貌和EVA/HSP发泡材料的泡孔形貌;通过哈克转矩流变仪和旋转流变仪测试了EVA/HSP共混物的熔体强度和储能模量;探究了HSP含量对EVA/HSP发泡材料力学性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:HSP表面含有大量的裂缝和凹槽;随着HSP含量的增加,EVA/HSP发泡材料的泡孔尺寸由79.64μm下降到69.85μm,EVA/HSP共混物的熔体强度由3.7 N·m提升到4.5 N·m,EVA/HSP发泡材料的密度、硬度、拉伸强度和回弹性下降,断裂伸长率和压缩永久变形提高.     

二氧化碳辅助发泡制备聚乳酸/炭黑导电复合材料

将聚乳酸(PLA)与炭黑(CB)熔融共混,模压成型后通过二氧化碳气体辅助发泡法进一步制备出导电聚乳酸发泡复合材料(PCB).采用扫描电子显微镜表征了CB对发泡材料中泡孔形态及尺寸的影响,并通过高阻计和万能电子拉力机分别测试了PCB发泡材料的导电性和力学性能.结果表明,PCB复合材料泡孔结构均匀,其拉伸强度及电导率较PLA发泡材料明显增强.     

聚合物共混体系的正电子湮没研究

用正电子湮没寿命谱仪对聚丙烯PP和三元乙丙橡胶EPDM的共混体系进行了测量.实验研究表明,正电子湮没寿命灵敏地反映了在95—370K温度范围内PP/EPDM共混物的微观结构变化.经分析得到PP/EPDM是两相共混体系的结论.     

螺杆泵定子氢化丁腈橡胶材料的制备与压缩力学性能

定子是螺杆泵的关键部件之一,其材料的制备对螺杆泵的正常运行和寿命至关重要。以螺杆泵定子常用材料氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)为研究对象,采用正交试验方法对HNBR材料的配方进行优化设计。设计了3种因素,即硫化体系、硫化温度和补强体系,并基于正交试验综合分析这些因素对HNBR材料压缩力学性能的影响。同时,制备HNBR弹性体材料,并对HNBR材料压缩力学性能进行试验研究。结果表明:对HNBR材料压缩力学性能影响最大的因素为补强体系,其次为硫化温度,最后为硫化体系;得到HNBR材料制备的最优配方,补强体系为炭黑N330、硫化温度为150℃、硫化体系中过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)与硫磺(S)质量比为7∶0.5;根据提出的最优配方制备的材料压缩力学性能最佳,即材料拥有较大的压缩弹性模量和压缩应力松弛模量,较小的压缩永久变形率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to