中间包钢水连续测温的新方法

基于在线黑体空腔理论,提出了一种新型的钢水连续测温方法·针对在线黑体空腔不满足基尔霍夫理想黑体物理模型,具有"非密闭"和"不等温"的辐射特性,建立了在线黑体空腔有效发射率、积分发射率的计算模型,并应用于中间包钢水连续测温系统中·实践表明,该方法具有较高性能价格比,测量误差≤±3℃,测温管寿命可达20～40h,测温成本与现行的快速热电偶实际消耗相当或略低,同时低于铂铑热电偶连续测温,是取代现行钢水间断式测温的较好方法·     

谱色测温法相关应用问题的理论预测分析

在谱色测温应用中,该文将综合考虑探测传感器的动态范围及最低灵敏度等特性,对测量范围（测温范围和发射率范围）、测量分区等应用问题进行理论概述及分析;针对于本课题组已开发的谱色测温仪器,依据分析理论。通过数值模拟计算,给出该谱色测温仪器的测量范围的理论预测值,以及测量分区的理论分布;并通过高温黑体、标准温度灯等典型测量实验对上述分析理论与数值模拟结果进行了进一步的验证．该文的分析将为谱色测温仪器的应用提供必要的理论支持．     

利用红外辐射测温仪测定物质冷却曲线(摘要)

1红外辐射测温的原理和方法普朗克黑体辐射定律指出,黑体在任一温度下的辐射强度随波长变化遵循如下规律：式中λ为辐射波长,T0为黑体的温度（K）,C1、C2分别为第一、第二辐射常数。E（λ,T）为黑体的单色辐出度,即黑体在温度T0时在波长λ附近单位波长间隔、单位发射面积、单位时间内的辐射能量,它是波长和温度的函数。把这一能量用红外传感器接收起来,转变为电信号,并作些其它处理,就可以测出物体的温度。红外辐射测温具有许多优点。首先这是一种非接触式测量,不破坏被测物体的温度分布,测温精度及分辨率高。因而它适用于温…     

在线黑体辐射源的建立及其精度评价

在高温的锻造炉内以竖插和横插两种方法建立了几种在线黑体空腔。首次测量了各在线黑体空腔的温度分布，采用作者建立的评价黑体空腔精度的理论公式，评价了各黑体空腔的精度，亦即给出了由于非完全黑体产生的测量误差，并得出了在炉子不同部位安装黑体空腔的规范。     

评价黑体辐射源精度的理论与实验研究（Ⅰ）

评价黑体辐射源精度的理论与实验研究（Ⅰ）周玮，谢植，高魁明在维思定律的基础上建立了评价标准黑体辐射源和在线黑体空腔传感器精度的两个新的公式·为了经证两个公式的准确性，实际测量了标准黑体辐射源和在线黑体空腔传感器的腔体温度分布．用所建立的公式和以往间接...     

瞬态表面温度传感器可溯源动态校准方案探索

在瞬态表面温度测量中，温度随时间迅速变化，由于测温传感器感温件的热惯性和有限热传导，测出的温度与实际温度存在差别，即所谓的动态响应误差．为了减少动态响应误差，探索了一种利用可高频调制的高功率CO2激光作为激励源，用脉冲激光加热被校传感器，表面产生一个快速升温的变化温度信号，用高速红外探测器测得的温度信号对被校传感器进行可溯源高温动态校准的新方案．由于前者的频率响应特性优于后者，因此以前者的响应作为真值来校准后者并获取系统误差的修正值使之更接近于真实的温度信号．在实验中经对Butt-Welded热电偶进行动态校准，获取其温度修正值为300℃．     

动态热偶测温的计算方法的改进和保护套管的研制

动态热偶法测温技术是近十几年来发展起来的一种新的测温方法,它是伴随着电子计算技术的发展而产生的。这种方法的理论根据就是不稳定导热过程的正常情况理论[1] [2]。因此,动态热偶法的测温特点就在于:在不稳定导热过程中测量出测温元件的温度随时间变化的函数关系(动态曲线),然后根据一定的数学模型,运用电子计算机或模拟计算机算出被测介质的实际温度。这种测温方法具有测温范围广(可应用于超高温测量)、测温速度快、测试消耗费用低廉、便于过程自动化等优点,因此,这种测温方法已经得到了国内外研究工作者的重视。 本文介绍我们应用动态…     

评价黑体辐射源精度的理论与实验研究（II）

根据基尔霍夫理想黑体“腔体密闭性”和“腔体等温性”两项原则，提出由腔体密闭和等温程度所决定的黑体空腔精度两个分量的新概念，并给出这两个分量的理论公式。首次发现由黑体空腔不等温性所决定的分量在短波侧占黑体空腔总精度的８０％￣９０％。由此为研制各类黑体辐射源和在线黑体传感器提高它们的精度指出了方向和方法。     

评价黑体辐射源精度的理论与实验研究（Ⅱ）

根据基尔霍夫理想黑体“腔体密闭性”和“腔体等温性”两项原则，提出由腔体密闭和等温程度所决定的黑体空腔精度两个分量的新概念，并给出这两个分量的理论公式．首次发现由黑体空腔不等温性所决定的分量在短波侧占黑体空腔总精度的８０％～９０％．由此为研制各类黑体辐射源和在线黑体传感器提高它们的精度指出了方向和方法     

评价黑体辐射源精度的理论与实验研究（Ⅰ）

在维恩定律的基础上建立了评价标准黑体辐射源和在线黑体空腕传感器精度的两个新的公式。为验证两个公式的准确性，实际测量了标准黑体辐射源和在线黑体空腔传感器的腔体温度分布。用所建立的公式和以往间接法在同一条件下计算了上述各腔体的精度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with