部分液体通气结合吸入NO对实验性急性肺损伤的疗效

目的:评价以氟碳(PFC)为媒介的部分液体通气(PLV)结合吸入NO对急性肺损伤(ALI)动物肺气体交换和血液动力学的影响。方法:16只2 5～30kg的雌性健康家猪在麻醉后经气管导管以生理盐水反复肺内灌洗,直到动脉氧分压(PaO2 ) <13 3kPa达1h ,成为急性肺损伤模型,随机分为PLV组和对照组。对照组行常规机械通气2h ;PLV组经气管导管内灌以30mL/kgPFC(FC -77) ,2h后吸入体积分数为10 - 5NO观察30min ,然后停止吸入NO观察30min。记录不同时段肺气体交换和血液动力学参数。结果:PLV组PFC治疗1h ,动脉氧分压(PaO2 )与ALI时比较显著升高(P <0 0 5 ) ,平均肺动脉压(MPAP)显著升高(P <0 0 5 ) ;吸入NO与停止吸入NO比较,PaO2 无显著性升高(P >0 0 5 ) ,同时,Qs/Qt和MPAP亦无显著性降低(P >0 0 5 )。结论:PLV结合吸入NO与单独PLV比较,不能进一步降低急性肺损伤动物的肺动脉高压和肺内分流,亦不能有效增加氧合     

两种PFC给药方式治疗ALI时血流动力学及病理积分的变化

目的:探讨两种氟碳(perfluorccarbon,PFC)给药方式治疗急性肺损伤时血流动力学及组织病理积分的变化.方法:采用肺灌洗诱导急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)后,动物分3组:①雾化吸入PFC(inhalation withaerosolized peffluorocarbon group,IAP)组;②部分液体通气(partial liquid ventilation group,PLV)组;③传统的机械通气(convenrional mechanical ventilation group,CV)组.分别在ALI前、ALI及ALI后1、2、 3、 4 h 7个时段观察心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、呼吸末二氧化碳分压(PetCO2)、pH、动脉氧分压(PaO2)、肺泡动脉氧压差(AaDO2)等血流动力学指标的变化,实验结束后取肺组织做病理积分统计.结果:肺灌洗后3组动物PO2显著降低、AaDO2显著升高,两组PFC治疗干预后PaO2升高、AaDO2显著降低,与CV组比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05),且IAP组2 h后各时段与PLV组相应时段比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).病理学积分显示IAP组与PLV、CV两组比较均具有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论:两种PFC给药方式下都具有改善肺氧合的作用,但随着时间的推移,雾化吸入组的效果更好,病理改变也最少.     

血必净注射液对家兔左心缺血再灌注损伤肺脏的保护作用

目的:探讨血必净注射液对家兔左心缺血再灌注损伤肺脏的保护作用.方法:60只健康成年家兔均分为两组:缺血再灌注组和血必净治疗组,两组均在缺血前30min(T1)、缺血30min(T2)、再灌注30min(T3)取颈外静脉血及颈总动脉血5ml;取支气管肺泡灌洗液5ml,检测外周血和支气管肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α水平及家兔肺组织TNF-α和ICAM-1表达情况.结果:1.血必净注射液提高缺血再灌注家兔PaO2;2血必净注射液降低缺血再灌注家兔外周血及支气管肺泡灌洗液TNF-α水平,降低肺组织TNF-α和ICAM-1表达.结论:血必净注射液通过降低左心缺血再灌注家兔外周血及支气管肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α含量及肺组织中TNF-α和ICAM-1的表达保护肺组织.     

不同时间的乳化氟碳保存液处理对供体肺抗炎抗氧化能力及组织结构的影响

目的:观察乳化氟碳保存液(FCE)和UW液处理供体肺在不同时间对肺组织抗炎、抗氧化能力及其结构的影响.方法:选择48只约350~400 g SD雄性大鼠随机分为两组(FCE组与UW组),FCE组与UW组分别又随机各分为两个亚组.对每只大鼠进行麻醉、气管插管与机械通气后,剖胸,全身肝素化后将灌注管自大鼠右心室插入肺动脉,再用保存液进行灌注,灌注完后快速取下心肺组织置入相应的保存液中进行保存.乳化氟碳组(FCE)用乳化氟碳进行灌注与保存,一组保存6 h(FCE-6 h),另一组保存12 h(FCE-12 h).UW液组(UW)用UW液灌注与保存,保存方法及保存时间同FCE组.在相应时段取肺组织,检测白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化酶(MPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平并观察其组织结构变化.结果:(1)两组保存液处理6 h,肺组织MDA、MPO含量及病理积分显著低于12 h组(P0.05),SOD活性则显著高于12 h组(P0.05);(2)FCE组两个时段肺组织MPO含量及病理积分显著低于UW组(P0.05);(3)FCE组在病理改变较轻微,而UW组则较重.结论:与UW液相比,乳化氟碳同样具有抑制炎症,延缓并减轻缺血保存期肺损伤的能力,且乳化氟碳在两个时段的抗氧化能力均强于UW液.     

灯盏花素对家兔左心缺血再灌注后肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α表达的影响

目的:探讨灯盏花素对左心缺血再灌注后肺组织肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)表达的影响.方法:60只成年健康新西兰家兔随机分为模型组和治疗组.两组家兔均结扎及再通左冠状动脉前降支复制左心缺血-再灌注模型,治疗组在缺血后10min经静脉给予灯盏花素注射液10mg·kg-1.在缺血30min、再灌注20min、40min 3个时间点,取外周血和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),ELISA法检测TNF-α表达水平;取肺组织标本,免疫组织化学法检测肺组织中TNF-α的表达,HE染色和电镜检测肺组织形态学改变.结果:模型组可见I型和II型肺泡上皮变性,呈急性炎症损伤改变,治疗组损伤明显减轻.外周血、BALF和肺组织细胞中TNF-α表达均低于模型组(P<0.05).结论:灯盏花素可通过减少TNF-α的表达,减轻因左心缺血再灌注而导致的急性肺损伤.     

三种不同诱因制作急性肺损伤动物模型的比较

摘要: 目的 对由盐酸( HC1) 、油酸( OA) 和脂多糖( LPS) 3 种诱因所致急性肺损伤( ALI) 动物模型进行比较。方法 将 24 只健康雄性 SD 大鼠随机均分为 4 组: 生理盐水( NS) 组( 尾静脉注射) 、油酸组( 尾静脉注射) 、LPS 组( 尾 静脉注射) 和 HC1 组( 气管内滴入) 。制模后观察 4 h,抽取颈总动脉血进行血气分析。然后处死,解剖取肺组织 HE 染色,观察肺组织病理形态学改变,并进行病理损伤评分。结果 HC1 组、OA 组、LPS 组氧分压( PaO2 ) 均低于 NS 组( P ＜ 0． 01) ,其中 OA 组低于 HC1 组,HC1 组低于 LPS 组,( P ＜ 0． 01) ; 肺损伤程度油酸 ＞ 盐酸 ＞ 脂多糖。结 论 ALI 的发生发展与其致病因素密切相关; 3 种诱因所致急性肺损伤动物模型存在一定差异,急性肺损伤程度不 同,油酸 ＞ 盐酸 ＞ 脂多糖。     

黏附因子-1、IL-18在大鼠左心缺血再灌注诱导的急性肺损伤中的作用

目的:探讨白介素-18、黏附因子-1在左心缺血再灌注肺损伤中的作用及对呼吸功能的影响.方法:60只SD大鼠随机均分为实验组和对照组,实验组复制左心缺血再灌注肺损伤模型并与BL-420生物信号采集分析系统相联,对照组不做左冠状动脉的前降支结扎其余操作同实验组.比较缺血30min、再灌注30min、再灌注60min3个时间点两组大鼠肺组织白介素-18、黏附因子-1表达情况、外周血和支气管肺泡灌洗液中白介素-18水平、动脉血氧分压及呼吸曲线进行比较.结果:各时间点实验组大鼠肺组织白介素-18、黏附因子-1表达高于对照组;外周血和支气管肺泡灌洗液中白介素-18水平高于对照组;PaO2低于对照组;呼吸曲线的幅度、强度、持续时间均低于对照组,上述差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:白介素-18激活黏附因子-1释放增多,吸引白细胞在肺循环发生黏附聚集释放反应,引起炎性细胞因子的进一步释放,导致肺炎症反应失衡,引起急性炎症损伤,致呼吸功能下降.     

肺部灌洗治疗应用于心脏直视术后并阻塞性通气障碍

目的:总结20例心脏直视术后阻塞性通气障碍采用肺部灌洗治疗的经验。方法:我们用自配的气管灌洗液(0.9%生理盐水加硫酸庆大霉素8万U、糜蛋白酶12000U、地塞米松5mg、氨茶碱250mg、沐舒坦30mg),经气管内灌洗,每灌洗一次用皮囊加压呼吸一次,促使灌洗液向气管支气管内扩散。结果:20例患者经气管插管注入灌洗液后,吸出大量硬结性粘液,肺泡呼吸音明显改善,临床缺氧症状消失,无一例因阻塞性通气障碍导致死亡。结论:该自配灌洗液适用于心脏直视手术后阻塞性通气障碍。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者有创-无创序贯撤机过程中循环与呼吸功能变化的研究

目的　了解有创-无创机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者呼吸和循环功能的变化,评价该法的生理效应 方法　选择接受机械通气的COPD合并呼衰患者13例,待符合拔管条件后,拔除气管插管,改用经面罩压力支持通气+呼气末正压通气(PSV+PEEP) 分别于基本符合拔管条件下的机械通气时,以及拔管后3h条件下测定患者的呼吸和循环功能的变化 结果有创通气向无创通气转换过程中,循环呼吸参数的变化无显著差异性(p>0 05) 结论　有创-无创机械通气撤机过程中,患者的呼吸和循环功能稳定,顺利实现有创性机械通气向无创性机械通气治疗的转化     

盲肠结扎穿刺致豚鼠急性肺损伤及NF-κB活化阻断剂治疗作用研究

研究和建立败血性急性肺损伤的动物模型，并观察联用NF-κB活性阻断剂对肺损伤动物的治疗作用。方法：用盲肠结扎穿刺(CLP)法建立豚鼠急性肺损伤模型。同时经口给予布活芬167mg／kg和肌肉注射VitE 174mg／kg，结合动脉血气分析、外周血白细胞计数、肺湿重／干重比值(W／D)及肺组织病理观察，免疫组化方法研究肺组织NF-κB的活化。结果：CLP组动物在6h后开始缓慢出现症状，呼吸急促100～110次／min(正常呼吸80～95次／min)，蜷缩。对外界刺激敏感；16h有少量泡沫状分泌物由鼻腔溢出，呼吸变得窘迫，倦怠，卧伏，不喜活动；24h呼吸窘迫十分显著，泡沫状分泌物(带血性)由鼻腔溢出明显增多，呼吸频率为100～140次／min；CLP24h内死亡率可达10％，24～40h死亡数可达30％，40～56h死亡数可达80％。动脉血PaO2在12h开始明显下降，24h以后有恶化趋势，PaO2持续低于10kPa，外周血白细胞计数从12h开始降低，24h明显降低。术后24h已经表现出急性肺损伤。肺组织NF-κB表达活跃，最后导致动物败血性休克，于2d左右出现大量死亡；给药组动物症状有所缓解，最终死亡率为60％，肺组织NF-κB表达程度较模型组低。结论：利用CLP法可以在豚鼠上建立急性肺损伤模型，在肺损伤早期联合应用NF-κB活化的阻断荆，有助于提高急性肺损伤(ALI)的存活率，减轻ALI症状。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with