单-双蜗壳泵隔舌区压力脉动及径向力特性分析

为揭示单-双蜗壳离心泵的不同水力特性,应用商业软件FLUENT,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型和滑移网格技术,对单-双蜗壳双吸离心泵进行不同工况下三维非定常湍流数值模拟,得到不同蜗壳隔舌区计算点的压力脉动情况,并对其进行频域分析.结果表明:单蜗壳离心泵在设计工况及大流量工况下,压力脉动频率以叶片通过频率为主;在小流量工况下,压力脉动频率以低于1倍叶片通过频率为主,在0.6倍设计流量工况下,其压力脉动最大幅值约为设计工况下1.13倍.双蜗壳离心泵在小流量、设计流量及大流量工况下,压力脉动频率均以叶片通过频率为主,在0.6、0.8和1.2倍设计工况下,其压力脉动最大幅值分别约为设计工况的6.59、3.12和4.55倍.相比较于单蜗壳泵,双蜗壳泵能有效地平衡径向力,在偏离设计工况下径向力变化不大.     

不同叶片数对低比转速离心泵压力脉动的影响

为了研究不同叶片数对压力脉动的影响,在保证叶轮其他几何参数不变的情况下,将叶片数设计为4、5、6三种情况,采用FLUENT软件、RNGk-ε湍流模型和滑移网格技术,对低比转速离心泵进行了三维非定常数值模拟,分析了不同叶片数对蜗壳隔舌、蜗壳-叶轮间隙以及蜗壳扩散段内压力脉动的影响.结果表明:各个叶片数泵在三个监测点压力脉动频率均以叶片通过频率为主,且在隔舌处压力脉动幅值变化最大;6叶片数泵在小流量下,隔舌处压力脉动幅值变化均小于4、5叶片数,其最大脉动幅值约为静压均值的9%左右;5叶片数泵隔舌处,在0.6、1.4倍设计流量时压力脉动幅值明显大于设计流量下的幅值,约为设计工况下幅值的2倍和2.4倍;4叶片数泵在1.0、1.4倍的设计工况下,隔舌处的压力脉动变化最大,其最大幅值约为设计叶片数的1.29倍和1.4倍.在不同叶片数时,蜗壳扩散段和蜗壳-叶轮间隙内压力脉动变化相对隔舌处较小.     

诱导轮与叶轮叶片数匹配对泵空化性能的影响

为了研究诱导轮叶片数与叶轮叶片数匹配关系对泵空化性能的影响,基于雷诺时均N-S方程、RNG k-ε湍流模型和Rayleigh-Plesset空化模型,结合试验对某型LNG电动超低温潜液泵进行了全三维数值计算,并分析了泵的空化性能、扬程和效率随诱导轮和叶轮叶片数的变化规律.分别对诱导轮叶片数为2、3、4,叶轮叶片数为6、7、8的9种正交组合进行了数值分析研究,得到诱导轮和叶轮内空化发展的四个阶段.研究结果表明:只增加叶轮叶片数,扬程的增加幅度逐渐变大,对空化性能影响不明显;只增加诱导轮叶片数时,空化性能严重下降,最大差值达到11.0%,但对扬程和效率影响不明显;诱导轮的叶片数对泵空化影响较大,叶轮叶片数对泵空化影响较小.     

离心泵蜗舌区非定常流动特性

采用Navier-Stokes方程和RNG k-ε双方程湍流模型,对多工况下离心泵全流道进行了非定常流动数值模拟. 非定常计算得到的离心泵外特性与试验数据吻合较好. 在离心泵蜗舌区设置了3个监测点,计算得到了蜗舌区流体瞬态速度矢量分布,各监测点的压力、径向速度、周向速度的脉动时域特性,并对其进行了分析. 结果表明:设计工况下,蜗舌区流动比较均匀,压力和速度脉动幅度较小. 大流量工况下,在叶轮出口的射流-尾迹结构影响下,各监测点的压力和速度随叶片转动出现相应的峰值和谷值. 小流量工况下,蜗舌区内存在绕蜗舌顶端逆向流动、叶轮出口回流、蜗舌附近蜗型段内旋涡,使得流动非常复杂,流体压力和速度脉动幅度较大,压力最大值约为最小值6倍.      

离心泵内部湍流的大涡模拟研究

应用不可压缩流体N-s控制方程和大涡模拟动态亚格子湍流模型,基于非结构网格和滑移网格技术,采用SIMPLEC算法实现速度、压力变量的分离求解,得到了某新型离心泵从进口到出口的全流道各过流部件的速度场和压力场分布.数值模拟结果与试验数据结果吻合较好,可为泵的优化设计提供有益的参考.     

离心泵内部非定常空化流动特征的数值分析

运用完整空化模型和混合流体两相流模型,对比转数为130的离心泵流道内部的空化流动进行了定常及非定常的数值模拟.预测了叶轮流道内空化发生部位和发展程度,对蜗壳隔舌附近处流场的压力场进行了监测,得到了压力脉动的变化规律.结果表明:空化初生位于叶片背面进口边附近处,随着进口压力的降低,空泡分布区域及空泡体积分数不断扩大,当空化严重时,叶片工作面上会有空泡聚集;在叶轮的1个旋转周期中,单个叶片表面上的空化发展程度随叶轮与蜗壳相对位置的改变而发生规律性的变化;压力脉动频率存在明显离散特性,叶片通过频率下的脉动幅值较大;随着空化程度的发展,空化流动诱导泵流道内压力脉动幅值不断增加,并且两者存在相互对应关系.     

叶片交错布置不同角度对双吸离心泵蜗壳内压力脉动的影响

双吸离心泵内部流场压力脉动是影响水泵机组运行稳定性的关键因素,为了研究双吸离心泵叶轮两侧叶片交错布置对泵蜗壳内压力脉动的影响,以某双吸离心泵为研究对象,将其两侧叶片分别交错布置15°和30°,在蜗壳的不同位置设置监测点,利用CFD技术对离心泵内部流场在设计工况下进行三维非定常数值模拟,得到监测点处的压力脉动情况,并对其进行时域与频域分析.结果表明,该泵蜗壳内的压力脉动主要以轴频和叶频为主,相对于原模型泵叶轮,将叶片交错布置可以有效改善蜗壳内的压力脉动情况,且将叶片错开30°减弱蜗壳内压力脉动的效果比错开15°更好.     

喷水推进泵压力脉动特性数值计算及分析

针对喷水推进器装船后不均匀来流对压力脉动特性的影响,以某巡逻艇喷水推进混流泵为研究对象,基于RANS方程和SST湍流模型,通过流体动力学软件CFX稳态计算,进行了巡逻艇航速数值预报,所得计算值与试航值误差为1.8%,从而验证了计算流体动力数值计算的可信性。采用分离涡模拟方法,对敞水泵和装船泵进行了三维非定常数值模拟,计算分析了叶轮进出口、叶轮内部、导叶内部及喷口5个截面和叶轮叶顶间隙处的压力脉动,并对不均匀来流带来的差别进行了研究。结果表明:在敞水泵和船后泵的叶轮出口、导叶内部,水流距叶轮越远,压力脉动影响越小,压力脉动频率取决于叶轮转动频率,压力脉动幅值沿轮毂到轮缘逐渐增大,船后泵压力脉动幅值整体高于敞水泵;对于均匀来流,敞水泵旋转域叶轮室的压力脉动频率主要受导叶的影响,船后泵则受轴频的影响,二者压力脉动幅值在叶顶间隙处均从叶顶沿导边到随边逐渐增大;对于敞水泵,流道出口压力脉动频率主要受叶频控制,对于船后泵,压力脉动频率为轴频。     

不同开度下水泵水轮机飞逸工况压力脉动特性分析

为研究不同开度下混流式水泵水轮机流道内的压力脉动,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型,进行了某模型水泵水轮机飞逸工况7个不同开度下的全流道三维非定常数值计算,并与实验结果进行对比,分析了其各区域压力脉动幅值和频率.结果表明:随着开度的增大,转速上升,水泵水轮机流道内的压力脉动幅值有所升高,增大到一定程度后会引起蜗壳内流动特性的改变;中间开度21 mm时活动导叶转轮区域及尾水管内压力脉动主频较其余两开度高而幅值有所降低;尾水管中压力脉动主频具有传递性且幅值随流动方向增大.     

基于结构化网格的两级矿浆泵数值模拟分析

为了研究深海采矿两级矿浆泵泵内固液流体流动规律及工作性能,采用计算流体动力学软件CFD对两级矿浆泵泵内的固液两相湍流进行了数值模拟和性能预测.阐述了矿浆泵计算流道区域的拓扑块划分方法和结构化网格生成方法;采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型和多参考坐标系,进行全三维流场数值模拟,分析了矿浆泵内流场的压力分布、流速分布和湍动能分布,进而计算出不同颗粒属性的泵的特性曲线.研究表明,颗粒属性对矿浆泵工作性能有重要影响,在颗粒体积分数相同的条件下,泵的扬程和效率均随颗粒粒径的减小而增大.颗粒的体积分数适宜控制在5%~10%左右.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.