英国科学家绘制出超级细菌的传播路线图

金黄色葡萄球菌是一种常见病菌，但是如果它发生变异而对抗生素甲氧西林产生耐药性，其引起的感染就难以治疗。因此，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌常被称为“超级细菌”。上世纪20世纪60年代在英国首次发现了这种“超级细菌”。近年来，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌在世界各地广为传播，造成不少患者死亡。     

Nuc和mecA基因在金黄色葡萄球菌及其甲氧西林耐药性检测中的初步应用

目的为获得金黄色葡萄球菌对甲氧西林的耐药信息,评估通过PCR扩增nuc基因、mecA基因检测金黄色葡萄球菌及其甲氧西林耐药性的可行性。方法收集获得63株临床分离鉴定的金黄色葡萄球菌,采用传统药敏检测方法进行菌株药敏测试;再用PCR方法检测菌株是否携带nuc基因和mecA基因,以传统药敏检测结果为参照,评估用PCR扩增技术检测金黄色葡萄球菌及其甲氧西林耐药性的可行性。结果 1.样本菌株中有24株为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistant Staphyococcus aureus,MRSA),39株为甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-sensitive Staphyococcus aureus,MSSA)。来自重症医学科的分离株中MRSA数量较多。2.样本菌株nuc基因携带率为85.7%,其中nuc基因在MRSA菌株中的携带率为87.50%,在MSSA菌株中携带率为84.62%;3.样本菌株mecA基因的携带率为19.05%,其中MRSA菌株的mecA基因携带率为50.0%,MSSA中均不携带mecA基因。来自重症医学科的MRSA中同时携带mecA基因和nuc基因的比例为77.78%。结论用PCR技术检测nuc基因、mecA基因来快速鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌及其甲氧西林耐药性可能存在一定比例的误诊结果。     

分次环上的一些结果

本文分两部分对分次环进行讨论．第一部分的主要结果是：Ｒ是分次环，ＭＲ－ｇｒ是Ｒ－ｇｒ的分次上生成子，当时，Ｍ也是Ｍｏｄ－Ｒ的上生成子；第二部分的主要结果是Ａｒｔｉｎ环Ｒ是Ｇ－分次，且Ｇ有限，则Ｒ是ｓｅｒｉａＳｍａｓｈ积Ｒ＃Ｇ＊是ｓｅｒｉａｌ．     

520株金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性变迁与分析

采用K—B法进行药敏实验并用琼脂扩散法对苯唑西林耐药的菌株做耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)测定,对2000-2004年韶关市铁路医院临床检出的520株金黄色葡萄球菌进行耐药性变迁情况的分析.结果表明:测定菌株对β-内酰胺类和氟喹诺酮类抗菌药的耐药性总体上呈逐年上升趋势,对氨基糖苷类则有下降趋势,对苯唑西林耐药率逐年增高,出现耐万古霉素的菌株,提示临床医生在治疗金黄色葡萄球菌引起的感染中,应根据不同感染情况参考耐药性监测选用适宜的抗菌药.     

临床感染标本的细菌谱及药敏分析

目的:分析临床感染茵谱分布,提示感染特征和流行病学规律,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法:771例临床感染标本分离鉴定,监测常见分离茵的耐药菌株(MDR)。结果:标本混合感染率3.2%,感染菌谱的主要菌群为:795例分离茵革兰阴性杆菌43.6%,葡萄球菌属24.7%,酵母样菌5.0%葡萄球菌属主要是金黄色葡萄球菌种,其对甲氧西林(甲氧苯青霉素)的耐药率是7%,未发现肠球茵耐万古霉素菌株。结论:正常菌群,条件致病茵是感染菌谱中的主要病原菌,MDR的增多和混合感染是医院面临的重要问题,应合理应用抗菌药物,改进治疗手段,减少MDR的产生和播散。     

ESTABLISHING AN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MICROSCALE LABORATORY PROGRAM

ＥＳＴＡＢＬＩＳＨＩＮＧＡＮＯＲＧＡＮＩＣＣＨＥＭＩＳＴＲＹＭＩＣＲＯＳＣＡＬＥＬＡＢＯＲＡＴＯＲＹＰＲＯＧＲＡＭ￥ＡｒｔｈｕｒＲ．Ｍｕｒｄｏｃｈ（ＭｏｕｎｔＵｎｉｏｎＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ，Ａｌｌｉａｎｃｅ，Ｏｈｉｏ，ＵＳＡ）（Ｖｉｓｉｔｉｎｇｐｒｏｆｅｓ...     

Ag／ZSM－5催化乙醇为乙醛及其物性研究

利用空速、氧醇比、反应温度研究了Ａｇ／ＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂对催化乙醇制乙醛的反应活性的影响。结果表明，该催化剂在３４０℃就有相当高的催化活性：乙醛产率达９３．０％（空速为９．６ｓ￣（－１），氧醇比为０．５０）。ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ等研究表明，Ａｇ是以单质的形式负载在ＺＳＭ－５分子筛上。由此提出催化反应机理。     

水稻花发育相关MADS-box基因的克隆

以水稻幼穗总ＲＮＡ为模板,利用３′－ＲＡＣＥ克隆了８个接近于全长的水稻ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ 基因的ｃＤＮＡ．在ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ 的数据库中查询表明,其中２个ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ１,ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ２分别与已报道的水稻ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ 基因Ｏｓ－ＭＡＤＳ５和ＯｓＭＡＤＳ４５有极高的同源性,另外６个为新的尚未见报道的水稻ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ 基因．系统进化树分析表明ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ１,ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ２和ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ４可能与Ｃ组基因的功能相关;ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ３,ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳ６和ＦＤＲ－ＭＡＤＳ７可能与Ａ 组基因的功能相关     

在WFW网络下的动态数据变换

本文介绍在ＭｉｃｒｏｓｏｆｔＷＩＮＤＯＷＳＦＯＲＷＯＲＫＲＯＵＰＳ３．１（以下简称ＷＦＷ）网络环境下用ＭｉｃｒｏｓｏｆｔＶＩＳＵＡＬＢＡＳＩＣ３．０（以下简称ＶＢ３．０）实现不同计算机之间动态数据交换的方法，并给出了主要程序     

TS—1沸石合成过程中模板剂用量对钛进入骨架的影响

以ＴＰＡＢｒ为模板剂、ＮＨ３．Ｈ２Ｏ为碱源，水热条件下合成了ＴＳ－１沸石，采用ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ、＾２９ＳｉＣＰＭＡＳＮＭＲ、＾２７ＡｌＣＭＡＳＮＭＲ、＾１３ＣＣＰＭＡＳＮＭＲ等表征手段详细研究了模板剂不同用量对钛进入骨架的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.