运用当量磨损试验法进行刀片选材的切削试验

本文介绍了一种刀具寿命的快速试验方法，并用此方法得到了切削高铬铸铁材料四种不同材质刀片的寿命方程     

基于步进应力加速寿命试验的引信贮存寿命评估

在简述步进应力加速寿命试验原理的基础上，通过对某引信贮存状态、失效机理分析和摸底加速试验，确定进行该引信步进应力加速寿命试验的试验应力和应力水平，建立数据处理数学模型和贮存寿命预测方法．依据该引信步进应力加速寿命试验结果和数据处理方法，计算出该引信在正常应力水平下的可靠贮存寿命约为17a。     

新疆石河子地区1982～2000年人口寿命的动态研究

为了解石河子地区人群健康水平，利用人口普查资料和收集相关基础数据，进行了石河子地区人口寿命的动态研究。结果表明，平均预期寿命、65岁平均预期寿命及65岁生存概率均高于同期新疆和全国的水平，这表明平均预期寿命较高与该地区卫生人力和物力资源较丰富，人口死亡率持续较低有关。     

滚动轴承寿命计算浅析

简单介绍了滚动轴承疲劳寿命的基本概念，对滚动轴承基本寿命计算方法进行简单总结，对轴承的修正寿命计算方法进行了详细分析．并给出了一个滚动轴承修正寿命计算的算例。     

加速试验法评估飞机副油箱尾锥寿命

可靠性寿命试验是装备可靠性增长改进中考核评估的重要内容，采用加速试验法评估可靠性寿命问题是当前可靠性工程努力寻求的方向。针对飞机副油箱尾锥可靠性疲劳寿命问题，采用加速寿命试验方法对其进行寿命评估，通过试验和部队试用证明方法是完全可行的。结果表明选择采用加速试验内场实验与外场使用试飞相结合方法是确定装备可靠性寿命有效途径。     

模糊可靠性疲劳寿命的分析与计算

针对随机栽荷下构件疲劳寿命预估中的可靠性问题，在模糊累积损伤疲劳寿命计算模型的基础上，根据恒幅疲劳寿命的分布及试验参数，依可靠性理论，导出了恒幅载荷下构件的可靠度工作寿命的数学方程，从而建立了承受随机载荷的构件的模糊可靠度疲劳寿命计算模型，同时还导出了传统累积损伤计算方法下可靠度疲劳寿命计算模型。采用这两种模型，通过实测载荷谱，对构件的可靠度疲劳寿命进行了预估，并与实际安全寿命进行比较。结果表明，所建立的模糊可靠度疲劳寿命计算模型预估的安全寿命与实际安全寿命相当吻合，相对误差仅为2．12％，传统可靠度疲劳寿命计算模型的预估误差为99．27％。     

延长项目经济寿命的途径与方法

企业生存发展以提高经济效益为目的，开发项目在经济技术条件不变的情况下，要想达到最佳的经济效果，项目的经济寿命应越长越好。本文通过对影响项目经济寿命的因素分析，寻找延长项目经济寿命的途径和方法。     

混凝土结构耐久性寿命评估影响因素敏感性分析

保护层厚度、CO2浓度影响系数、环境湿度、混凝土立方体强度等因素都影响了结构的耐久性寿命。本文运用灰色关联理论分析了单因素对结构预测寿命的影响，并分析了各影响因素对结构碳化寿命的敏感性。结果表明：保护层厚度、混凝土立方体强度、环境湿度增大可以使结构的寿命增加；构件所处年平均温度、CO2浓度升高、工作应力增大时其寿命成近似线性下降趋势；在各因素中保护层厚度、混凝土立方体强度对结构寿命的影响最大，因此在一定程度上可以通过增加保护层厚度及混凝土的强度来提高结构寿命。     

疲劳剩余寿合分布的当量关系及可靠性计算方法

通过大量试验分析了两级载荷作用下疲劳寿命分布参数的变化规律，研究了非恒幅循环载荷下的疲劳强度可靠性问题的特点及计算方法。通过对疲劳过程中剩 余寿命分布规律的分析和研究，针对程序载荷作用下疲劳过程的物理本质，提出了一个以载荷循环数－疲劳寿命干涉模型为基础，以“损伤等效原则”计算不同载荷水平之间的当量循环次数，并充分考虑不同载荷历史下剩余寿命分布参数的变化的疲劳可靠性计算方法。     

灰色理论在确定防空导弹武器系统经济寿命中的应用

针对使用保障费用数据有限的防空导弹武器系统经济寿命的确定问题，根据灰色理论建立了预测模型，并用该方法预测了某一设备的经济寿命，分析结果令人满意。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with