Interaction of Divalent Metal Ions with the Adenosine Triphosphate Measured Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Theinteractionofadenosinetriphosphatewithdivalentmetalionsisimportantinbiochemicalfunctions.TheintracellularfreeMg2 canbeestimated[1]byseparatingtheα-andβ-phosphatepeaksoftheATPNMR31PspectrumandbyknowingtheMgATPdissociationconstant.TheneedfordivalentmetalionsforallenzymaticreactionsinvolvingATPiswellknown,buttheroleofthemetalionsisnotclear[2].ThisstudywasconductedtoobtaininformationconcerningchangesinthestructureofadenosinetriphosphatecausedbyinteractionwithdivalentmetalionsMg2 ,Ca2 ,…     

二元系SrTiO3_CaTiO3固溶体的XRD研究

进行了SrTiO3_CaTiO3系统的X_射线衍射分析 ,结果表明 ,当Ca2 +置换Sr2 +而形成ABO3钙钛矿型固溶体时 ,相对衍射强度 (I/I1) 10 0 减弱 .通过测定晶体结构的晶胞参数 ,进而比较衍射强度理论值及实测值 ,可以证明 (I/I1) 10 0 的减弱与ABO3钙钛矿型结构中A位离子的原子散射因子有关 ,由于钙的原子散射因子小于锶的原子散射因子 ,导致 (Sr ,Ca)TiO3固溶体的相对衍射强度 (I/I1) 10 0 减弱 .另外 ,通过比较衍射强度I110 /I111的实测值与计算值 ,还获得了A位离子的占位情况 .研究结果为SrTiO3基陶瓷材料的微量物相鉴定及微观结构分析提供了依据     

MgCl2改性橘子皮对水溶液中镉镍的吸附性能

以橘子皮(OP)为原料通过MgCl2改性制备新型橘子皮吸附剂MgOP.考察溶液pH、固液比、温度、吸附时间和金属离子质量浓度对其从水溶液中吸附Cd2+和Ni2+的吸附性能的影响.采用扫描电镜及红外光谱仪对吸附剂进行表征.MgOP对2种金属离子的吸附率随pH和固液比的增大而增大;温度对吸附率的影响较小;吸附速度很快,能在20 min内达到吸附平衡.MgOP对Cd2+和Ni2+的吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学方程;MgOP对Cd2+和Ni2+的的Langmuir最大吸附量分别为125.47和44.58mg/g.     

Ce-Y-O固溶体及其PdO/Ce-Y-O催化剂的制备，表征和CH4氧化性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce-Y-O固溶体,并用XRD和Raman对Ce-Y-O固溶体的物相结构进行了表征,发现当n(Ce)/n(Ce+Y)(摩尔比)≥0.6时,Ce-Y-O固溶体为面心立方结构,而n(Ce)/n(Ce+Y)≤0.5时为体心立方结构。固溶体的生成有利于提高氧化还原性能。Ce-Y-O固溶体担载PdO催化剂的CH4氧化活性表明,n(Ce)/n(Ce+Y)对担载PdO催化剂的CH₄氧化活性影响很大,当n(Ce)/n(Ce+Y)=0.8时催化剂活性最高,CH₄转化率50%的温度为350℃,完全转化温度为600℃。     

手控注射萃取-光谱多元校正测定痕量金属离子

以含巯基葡聚糖凝胶的吸附柱手控注射萃取,结合偏最小二乘方法PLS开展了快速萃取-可见光谱多元校正分析,建立金属多组分识别数学模型,简便地实现了痕量Pb(II)、Cd(II)和Cu(II)离子的同时测定。研究优化了注射吸附柱的萃取参数,研究了不同组分的光谱相关性、识别模型主成分数和预测准确性。在最佳条件下,Pb(II)、Cd(II)和Cu(II)离子可以被同时测定,最低理论检出限分别可达0.6、0.2和0.2 ng/mL;对于模拟水样,Pb、Cd和Cu的PLS分析与原子吸收光谱法比较,测定偏差在-8.15% ~ 16.27%,2.04% ~ -12.86%和-1.45% ~ 10.49%之间,结果良好。     

碱胁迫对宁夏枸杞叶中Na＋，K＋，Ca2＋动态变化的影响

摘要：为探讨宁夏枸杞叶中离子平衡与盐碱胁迫的关系,研究不同浓度的NaHCO3溶液胁迫下,枸杞叶中Na^＋,K^＋,Ca^2＋的浓度变化,同时采用非损伤微测技术研究了枸杞叶中Na^＋,K^＋,Ca^2＋的流速变化．结果表明,在同一时间内（7,14,21d）,Na^＋的浓度随NaHCO。浓度的升高总体呈升高趋势,K^＋和Ca^2＋的浓度总体呈下降趋势,c（Na^＋）／c（Ca^2＋）随NaHCO3浓度的升高而升高;随着时间的变化,各个处理下枸杞叶中Na^＋的浓度总体呈现先降后升的趋势,K^＋的浓度总体呈现下降趋势,Ca^2＋的浓度总体呈现先升后降的趋势,c（Na^＋）／c（K^＋）总体呈现升高趋势,c（Na^2＋）／c（Ca^2＋）总体呈现先降后升的趋势;NaHCO。溶液胁迫7d时,诱导了枸杞叶肉细胞中净Na^＋,K^＋,Ca^2＋外排的增加．碱胁迫下造成c（Na^＋）／c（K^＋）和f（Na^＋）／c（Ca^2＋）升高的原因为,叶片中K^＋和Ca^2＋外排和Na^＋大量积累,这也是枸杞不耐碱的原因之一．可为种植枸杞改良盐碱地提供参考．     

水化硅酸钙形成过程中对Cd(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)的俘获作用

利用分析纯CaO,H2SiO3和Cd（NO3）：·4H2OE或Zn（NO3）2]在液相中人工合成n（Ca）／n（si）为1．6和0．7的2种含Cd（Ⅱ）或含Zn（Ⅱ）的水化硅酸钙（C—s—H）,研究C—S—H在形成过程中对Cd（Ⅱ）或Zn（Ⅱ）的俘获情况。结果表明,2种n（Ca）／n（Si）的C—S—H在俘获Cd（Ⅱ）后,其XRD图谱均发生明显的变化,特别是在ca”量不足[n（Ca）／n（si）=0．7]的情况下,其晶格参数的变化较大,其特征峰无论是峰值还是峰位均发生了明显改变,表明有Cd2＋替代ca2＋进入了C—S—H晶体。2种n（Ca）／n（Si）比值的C—S—H在俘获Zn（Ⅱ）后,其XRD图谱变化很微弱,仅特征峰的峰值稍有改变,但是这也显示出Zn（Ⅱ）进入了C—S—H晶体。C—S—H均能对Cd（Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）予以化学俘获。     

FTIR-ATR chamber for observation of efflorescence and deliquescence processes of NaClO4 aerosol particles on ZnSe substrate

NaClO4 aerosol particles with diameter of 5-20 microns are deposited on the ZnSe substrate. An FTIR-ATR chamber on the ZnSe substrate is set up to observe the structural changes of NaClO4 aerosol particles at crystallization relative humidity （CRH） and deliquescence relative humidity （DRH）. With the decrease of RH （relative humidity） from 96% to 24% in the efflorescence process, the absorbance of O-H stretching band of the aerosol solutions continuously decreases. A sudden decrease of the water peak is observed at RH20%, where solid particles form. Very small amount of residual interfacial water, with two weak peaks at 3602 and 3533 cm^-1, can still be resolved in the FTIR-ATR spectra of the solid particles. In the deliquescence process of the same sample, little spectral changes are observed when the value of RH varies from 5% to 29%. Before the abrupt increase of the O-H stretching band at the DRH of about RH46%, a pre-deliquescence process is observed, i.e. in the RH range between 33% and 46%, there is really a slow absorbance increase for the peak area of O-H stretching band. The O-H stretching band shows an arciform O-H en- velope, totally different from not only the FTIR-ATR spectra of ClO4^- solutions either under supersaturated state or in diluted state, but also the characteristic of the residually interfacial water discussed in the efflorescence process. Such kind of water is considered as pure water, indicating that small amount of water aggregates in the microspaces of solid aerosol particles due to the capillary cohesion effect. When the RH arrives at RH44%, two weak shoulders at 3384 and 3260 cm^-1 can be resolved, and the solid NaClO4 particles begin to be dissolved by increasing capillary cohesion water. The spectral characteristic of the v3-ClO4^- band also shows the transition from solid particles to mainly solvated ClO4^- ions.     

生物炭对Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的单一及竞争吸附研究

分别以玉米秸秆、牛粪为原料,在500oC氮气保护的无氧气氛下热解生成玉米秸秆生物炭(BC)和牛粪生物炭(DMBC),分别探讨两种生物炭对水溶液中4种二价重金属离子(Cu~(2+),Pb~(2+),Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+))的单一吸附效果,并进行4种重金属在生物炭上的竞争吸附实验,探讨金属离子间在生物炭上的相互作用关系。结果显示,两种生物质原料具有不同的元素组成,BC具有较大的比表面积,DMBC的平均孔径更大。在单一吸附过程中,BC对金属的吸附动力学过程具有相似性,而DMBC对不同金属的吸附速率差异较大。4种重金属离子在生物炭上的等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程较好地拟合,吸附容量的顺序为:Pb~(2+)Cu~(2+)Cd~(2+)Ni~(2+)。通过金属之间的竞争吸附实验,发现在生物炭上Pb~(2+)的竞争吸附能力最强,Cu~(2+)次之,而Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+)竞争吸附能力较弱,其吸附过程容易受到其他二价金属离子的抑制。     

B替位Ca离子对BaTiO_3铁电相变的影响

用X和射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜、介电性能与电导平衡等方法研究了B位Ca离子对BaTiO_3;陶瓷铁电相变的影响.X射线衍射数据表明,随着B位Ca离子含量的增加(直至5%)c/a比下降至接近1.从介电系数的温度关系可见:含5%B位与6%A位Ca离子的组份其居里峰展宽且下降至室温.发现了当含A位Ca离子(约5%)时,B位Ca离子含量的变化对降低居里点有较显著的作用.据此结果,本文发展了一套热力学模型以解释Ca掺杂BaTiO_3中B位Ca离子对居里峰移动与展宽的作用.     

具有Ruddlesden-Popper结构的Ca_(1+x)Mn_xO_(1+3x)(x=1,2,3)的合成及层间Ca~(2+)的抽出

采用溶胶凝胶法合成前驱体,然后在氧气气氛下加热合成了具有层状钙钛矿Ruddlesden-Popper结构的化合物Ca1+xMnxO1+3x(x=1,2,3),尝试采用酸溶液对其层间Ca2+离子进行抽出.实验发现HCl处理单层Ca2MnO4,层状结构遭到破坏;而用(NH4)2S2O8与HCl的混合溶液处理则能维持其层状结构,且Ca2+离子抽出率大于60%,其抽出机制为氧化还原和离子交换.用HCl能够抽出双层Ca3Mn2O7的层间Ca2+,并保持较好的结构.     

Lumenal gating mechanism revealed in calcium pump crystal structures with phosphate analogues

P-type ion transporting ATPases are ATP-powered ion pumps that establish ion concentration gradients across biological membranes. Transfer of bound cations to the lumenal or extracellular side occurs while the ATPase is phosphorylated. Here we report at 2.3 A resolution the structure of the calcium-ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, a representative P-type ATPase that is crystallized in the absence of Ca2+ but in the presence of magnesium fluoride, a stable phosphate analogue. This and other crystal structures determined previously provide atomic models for all four principal states in the reaction cycle. These structures show that the three cytoplasmic domains rearrange to move six out of ten transmembrane helices, thereby changing the affinity of the Ca2+-binding sites and the gating of the ion pathway. Release of ADP triggers the opening of the lumenal gate and release of phosphate its closure, effected mainly through movement of the A-domain, the actuator of transmembrane gates.     

Location of high affinity Ca2+-binding sites within the predicted transmembrane domain of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase

Cation pumps bind and translocate ions with the intermediate formation of a phosphoenzyme. In spite of extensive knowledge of the primary and even secondary structures of several of these cation transport enzymes, however, no high affinity cation binding sites have yet been determined. Here we report the use of oligonucleotide-directed, site-specific mutagenesis to identify the amino acids involved in Ca2+ binding in one of these transport enzymes, the Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Alteration of Glu 309, Glu 771, Asn 796, Thr 799, Asp 800 or Glu 908, each of which is predicted to lie near the centre of the transmembrane domain in putative transmembrane sequences M4, M5, M6 and M8 resulted in complete loss of Ca2+ transport function and of Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of the enzyme by ATP. Phosphorylation of each of the mutant enzymes with inorganic phosphate was observed, however, even in the presence of Ca2+, which inhibits phosphorylation in the wild-type enzyme possessing an intact high affinity Ca2+-binding site. These results suggest that at least six polar, oxygen-containing residues lying near the centre of the transmembrane domain provide ligands for one or both of the two high affinity Ca2+ binding sites in the Ca2+-ATPase.     

前驱体转化法制备复相磷酸钙

对化学沉淀法制备复相磷酸钙过程中无定型磷酸钙（TCP）前驱体（钙磷物质的量比为1.500)和羟基磷灰石（HA）前驱体（钙磷物质的量比为1.667）的相互转化进行了系统研究。结果发现,体系pH=11.0时,TCP前驱体可以继续同一定量的Ca²⁺反应,在24h内完全转化为HA前驱体;相反,HA前驱体与PO^3-₄反应向TCP前驱体转化很慢。应用前驱体转化法制备了钙磷物质的量比分别为1.600和1.636的复相磷酸钙,发现900℃灼烧2h后得到α-TCP/HA复合物,与相同条件下传统化学沉淀法制得的产物α-TCP/β-TCP/HA有一定差别。     

GaN/ZnO固溶体电子结构与光学性质的第一性原理研究

GaN/ZnO固溶体具有良好的光催化活性。为研究不同ZnO物质的量对GaN/ZnO固溶体能带结构和光吸收性能的影响,构建了一系列GaN/ZnO固溶体的随机原子结构模型。基于密度泛函理论计算不同ZnO物质的量对GaN/ZnO固溶体模型电子结构和光学性质的影响。研究结果表明： ZnO/GaN固溶体形成能与结合能均为负值,结构稳定。随着ZnO物质的量的增加,固溶体的带隙先呈现下降趋势,最后呈现小幅上升趋势。对于ZnO物质的量分数在13.89%至22.22%的GaN/ZnO固溶体,可以观察到光吸收峰强度在可见光区各个波长范围内均有较强吸收。通过研究不同ZnO物质的量对GaN/ZnO固溶体能带结构和光吸收性能的影响,为GaN/ZnO固溶体光催化材料的设计与制备提供了理论参考。     

以金纳米粒子为探针研究二价金属离子与脂质双层膜的相互作用

采用一步法制备了二1-联十六烷醇磷酸氢酯(DHP)脂质双层膜保护的金纳米粒子,并以此为探针用紫外-可见吸收光谱法研究了二价金属离子Ca2+和Mg2+与金纳米粒子表面支撑的DHP双层膜之间的相互作用.结果表明,Ca2+和Mg2+能够促使DHP双层膜发生聚集、融合和倒塌,并且Ca2+的作用要强于Mg2+.     

卤化银选择电极对干扰离子的动力学响应

用活度阶梯法研究了ＡｇＩ和 ＡｇＢｒ电极对干扰离子的瞬时响应信号。对于非单一瞬时信号,所测定的平衡电位选择性系数符合相应化合物的溶度积比值,证实瞬时信号产生的机理是离子交换反应。离子交换产物的溶度积越小,离子水合焓差越小,瞬时信号负峰高度越大,水合焓差还可以解释正负峰高度比,这些都证明瞬时信号峰电位是决定于离子交换速度而不是离子扩散速度。瞬时信号是非单一型还是单一型决定于平衡时离子交换产物的摩尔分数和干扰离子浓度,也与两离子的水合焓差有关。     

Fe(2/3)xNi1-xSO4-P2O5/γ-Al2O3的催化性能研究

通过Fe(2 / 3)xNi1-xSO4-P2 O5 /γ -Al2 O3催化剂对 1 -丁烯齐聚反应的催化性能研究 ,考察了催化剂Fe对 (Fe +Ni)的原子分率、焙烧温度、活性组分担载量等催化性能的影响 .结果表明 :Fe0 .5 3Ni0 .2 1SO4复合盐以P2 O5 为助剂的Fe/(Fe+Ni)值为 0 72 ,其担载量为 2 .36mmol/gγ -Al2 O3时催化剂活性最高 .催化剂的最佳活化条件为 4 50℃下非还原气流中活化 4h .     

Sr3AlO4F晶体中掺杂Ba2+,Ca2+离子占据不同Sr2+格位倾向性的第一性原理研究

通过比较第一性原理计算总能量得出碱金属离子Ba2+和Ca2+取代占据氟氧化物晶体Sr3AlO4F中两种不同Sr格位时,Ba2+倾向占据10配位的Sr(1)位,而Ca2+倾向占据8配位的Sr(2)位,与实验分析结果一致.基于上述优化结构,通过键价求和计算和畸变指数分析,得出Sr3AlO4F中Sr(1)格位离子严重未饱和成键,倾向于被较大Ba2+离子取代占据;而Sr(2)格位离子略微过饱和成键,倾向于被较小Ca2+离子取代占据.     

硒化法制备铜铟铝硒薄膜及其性能研究

采用中频交流磁控溅射方法制备了CIA前驱膜,并采用固态硒化法进行处理,获得了CIAS吸收层薄膜。采用SEM和XRD观察和分析了薄膜的成分、组织结构和表面形貌。结果表明,通过调节CIA前驱膜的Al含量可制备得到Cu/(In Al)原子比接近1,且Al/(In Al)比例可调的CIAS薄膜。CIAS薄膜由Cu(In1-xAlx)Se2固溶体相组成,Al主要是以替代In的固溶形式存在。