北京城郊生活燃烧蜂窝煤中氟释放

为了解生活用蜂窝煤氟含量水平及氟排放率,以北京市大兴区黄村镇的前辛庄、后辛庄和周村3个自然村为研究对象,在2012年3个月取暖季内,针对蜂窝煤及煤渣中的氟含量分别进行了测定。结果表明:三个村庄蜂窝煤样品的w(F)均值为277.8μg/g(N=46),高于我国工业原煤w(F)平均值(约83μg/g);生活燃烧蜂窝煤氟排放率为61.6%,显著低于蜂窝煤汞排放率99.75%及电厂等工业燃煤氟排放率(80%~99%)。鉴于生活用蜂窝煤多为富氟的劣质煤,其氟含量高于工业原煤,而排放率却低于工业用煤排放率,因此不宜采用工业用煤w(F)平均值及工业燃煤氟排放率来计算民用蜂窝煤的氟排放量,有必要展开单独研究。     

民用煤燃烧污染物排放因子研究

根据自行设计的模拟燃烧-稀释通道采样系统,选用河南、山西、陕西和武汉不同煤种模拟民用燃煤的不同燃烧状态,采集了2种烟煤、2种无烟煤、2种蜂窝煤和1种型煤燃烧排放的颗粒物和气态污染物。将不同煤种燃烧排放物进行了对比分析,结果表明:明烧时不同煤种燃烧排放颗粒物差异明显,烟煤燃烧PM_(10)排放因子明显高于无烟煤和蜂窝煤;燃煤PM_(10)排放因子与燃煤挥发分含量相关。不同煤种燃烧时气体污染物排放因子与煤的形态无明显关联,SO_2排放与燃煤硫含量正相关。不同燃烧状态对燃煤气体污染物排放影响不明显。     

粉煤灰与CaCO3控制燃煤氟污染的应用研究

采用粉煤灰替代拌煤粘土做粘结剂,CaCO3做固氟剂,制作蜂窝煤,进行燃煤氟污染控制研究.结果表明:粉煤灰能显著降低蜂窝煤燃烧的氟选出量,氟减排率达39.8％;轻质碳酸钙在以粉煤灰为粘结剂的蜂窝煤中固氟效果显著,固氟率随着CaCO3增加而升高,当粉煤∶粉煤灰∶GaGO3∶拌煤粘土为80∶ 10∶10∶0时CaCO3固氟效果最佳,固氟率达39％,氟减排率达81.3％;拌煤粘土能改善轻质碳酸钙在以粉煤灰做粘结剂的蜂窝煤中的固氟性能,当粉煤∶粉煤灰∶CaCO3∶拌煤粘土为80∶2:8∶10时,固氟率达38％.     

七宝山花岗斑岩的地质地球化学特征

七宝山花岗斑岩岩体产于湖南浏阳境内,出露面积约2 km2,其形态十分复杂,铷、锶、钾、氢同位素年龄为(184～227)×106 a,岩石具斑状结构.其矿物成分主要由石英(约35%)、正长石(约30%)、钾长石(约28%)及黑云母(约7%)组成.化学成分中,SiO2偏低(w(SiO2)=70%),CaO含量极低,富钾贫钠(m(K2O)/m(Na2O)=4.2),铝过饱和(w(Al2O3)=15.83%);岩体分异指数高(DI=80),稀土元素总量偏低,w(REE)=(158.31～176.97)×10-6,轻稀土含量大于重稀土含量,w(LREE)/w(HREE)=16.97～19.02,δEu为0.88～1.02,无异常,与同熔型花岗岩相当,成矿元素Cu平均含量为1*!800 g/t,为世界花岗岩平均含量的90倍,总体富铷贫锶,w(Rb)/w(Sr)=4;岩体Co,Cr,Ni等元素含量高于世界花岗岩中的平均值,岩体属壳幔同熔型成因花岗岩.     

芜湖市区地表灰尘中黑碳含量分布特征

以芜湖市区为对象,分析其地表灰尘中有机碳(OC)和黑碳(BC)含量,了解人为活动对其积累的影响.研究发现,芜湖城市地表灰尘中有机碳含量范围为7.81-38.71g/kg,平均值为22.49g/kg,黑碳含量范围为1.75-31.36g/kg,平均值为10.77g/kg,二者含量均高于一般的土壤,但低于大气粒子中黑碳含量.三个区域BC/OC的平均值大小顺序为中心城区经济技术开发区高新技术开发;相关分析表明,地表灰尘中BC含量与有机碳积累呈正比,指示BC的可能来源.城市地表灰尘中BC的来源是矿物燃料燃烧,其分布状况受机动车辆化石燃料燃烧排放的颗粒物质影响.利用Kriging最优插值法制得的黑碳、有机碳空间分布图,呈现出芜湖市区地表灰尘中黑碳含量离工业区、交通繁忙区的距离越近,含量越高,空间分布的差异主要由于区域功能差异造成,与地表灰尘中有机碳的空间分布研究规律相似.     

F/M对活性污泥胞内贮存物及脱氮除磷性能的影响

为研究污泥负荷(F/M)和碳源类型对活性污泥胞内贮存物的形成、转化及反应器脱氮、除磷性能的影响，在碳源分别为乙酸钠、葡萄糖和模拟生活污水条件下通过间歇试验研究F/M分别为0.46g/(g·d)和0.36g/(g·d)(以单位质量污泥计)时，胞内贮存物聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA)和糖原的含量变化以及反应器系统的脱氮、除磷性能。试验结果表明:不同碳源反应器中胞内贮存物含量的变化以及系统的脱氮、除磷性能存在较大差异，以乙酸钠和模拟生活污水为碳源时，活性污泥胞内最高PHA质量比分别为90.5mg/g和47.3mg/g(以单位质量挥发性污泥计)，高于葡萄糖为碳源时的含量；F/M为0.46g/(g·d)时，胞内贮存物的含量高于F/M为0.36g/(g·d)时的含量，且系统的脱氮、除磷效果较好。     

北京科普实用技术研究所最新技术奉献

高能蜂窝煤生产技术该蜂窝煤根据化学介质和燃煤特性的催化氧化原理制成.一吨煤加—吨土及少量增效剂可生产两吨蜂窝煤,其生产设备、使用方法、使用炉具、燃烧效果等均与传统优质蜂窝煤一样,而主要性能指标优于传统蜂窝煤.其上火约10min,火苗高达10cm～15cm,持续燃烧2h,温度比传统蜂窝煤高300℃,封火时间达16h以上,并可根据需要调整燃烧时间及火力大小,且燃烧充分,无污染,消除了原蜂窝煤燃烧产生的有害气体.其生产工艺难度小,原材料来源广,煤可采用优、劣质煤、煤矸石等,生产所需原料各地易购.增效剂成本约4500元/t,每吨煤加入约10元的增效剂即可.生活用煤加工企业生产该产品无须增加设备投资,每吨蜂窝煤增利百元以上,工业用煤成本可降低40%.技术转让费4800元,欢迎自带煤来京试烧论证,函索可行性分析邮资40元.     

福建省沿岸水体与沉积物中油的分布特征

以福建省海洋污染基线调查所得近岸各水域水体沉积物中油含量数据为依据 ,对福建省沿岸水体与沉积物中油类的分布进行研究 .结果表明 ,调查期间 ,福建省沿岸水体油的含量范围为 5.77～ 37.2 8μg/ L平均值为 14.75μg/ L.丰水期油含量基本上小于枯水期 :而不论枯水或丰水期 ,以闽江口及九龙江口油含量最高 ,而近岸沉积物中油的含量变化范围为 14.4 8～ 784 .36μg/ L ,平均值为183.70 μg/ L沉积物中油含量与沉积物类型 (粒度 )有密切关系 .     

融熔共混法制备HDPE-g-TMI接枝物的研究

以2,5-二甲基-2,5-双(叔丁基过氧基)己烷(DHBP)为引发剂,3-异丙基-α,α-二甲基苄基异氰酸酯(TMI)为接枝单体,苯乙烯(St)为共单体,与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)在HAAKE熔体流变仪中熔融共混,制备HDPE-g-TMI接枝共混物,讨论在接枝反应过程中不同条件对TMI在HDPE上接枝率([TMI]g)的影响.研究发现:TMI成功接枝到HDPE分子链上;在熔融共混过程中,随着w(TMI)的增加[TMI]g也逐渐增大,当w(TMI)为7.5%时,[TMI]g达到最大值为0.101 2mmol/g;当w(DHBP)较少时(≤0.5%),其含量的增加对[TMI]g影响不大,当w(DHBP)较高(0.5%)时,[TMI]g与DHBP加入量呈线性关系增加;随着加工温度的升高,[TMI]g先增加后下降,加工温度为180℃时,[TMIg]达最大值为0.368 2mmol/g;共单体St的加入可以有效提高[TMIg],当w(St)含量为7.5%时[TMI]g达最高值为0.405 0mmol/g.     

云南稻核心种质回交后代糙米总黄酮含量分析

为研究云南稻核心种质回交后代糙米总黄酮含量,本实验分别以143份云南籼稻核心种质与滇屯502,241份云南粳稻核心种质与合系35配制的杂种F6,BC2F4,BC3F3,BC4F2为材料,采用比色法对其糙米总黄酮含量进行测定分析.结果表明,籼稻后代黄酮含量高于粳稻后代;有色米高于无色米;不同世代的黄酮含量(mg/100g)情况籼稻后代是轮回亲本(236.26)BC2F4(224.69)BC4F2(222.36)BC3F3(210.19),但差异不显著;粳稻后代是BC4F2(244.42)BC2F4(239.58)轮回亲本(227.21)F6(220.03)BC3F3(190.91),其中BC3F3代极显著低于BC2F4,BC4F2代.筛选出的粳稻后代(白镰刀谷/合系353)是供试材料中含量最高的,达到1267.62±54.79mg/100g.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to