冷水机组变流量性能预测模型与实验研究

为实现在冷水机组结构参数缺乏的条件下,对冷水机组变流量工况下的性能进行准确预测,提出了一种将冷水机组未知结构参数集总并基于少量机组实测数据获取模型参数的建模方法,建立了相应的冷水机组变流量性能预测模型.通过搭建冷水机组变流量实验装置并进行实验,获得其模型参数并对机组变流量性能进行了模拟与实验对比.结果表明:该建模方法的模型参数获取简便,模型性能预测精度较高,制冷量、COP等系统性能参数偏差在10%以内,能较好地表征冷水机组变流量工况下的性能变化规律.冷冻水流量从额定流量的100%降至42.8%时,冷水机组制冷量减小8.6%,COP减小8.8%;冷却水流量从额定流量的100%降至24.2%时,冷水机组制冷量减小1.8%,COP减小14.8%,可为空调系统的变流量优化运行提供指导.     

多台冷水机组非均匀负荷匹配运行控制策略

以制冷量非均匀匹配的冷水机组群为研究对象,考虑制冷量自平衡特性,构建多台冷水机组并联运行热力特性模型,研究变负荷下的非均匀负荷匹配冷水机组并联运行特性,提出了基于能效基准的多台冷水机组控制策略,并与均匀负荷匹配冷水机组进行了对比分析,讨论了变冷冻水出水温度条件下非均匀负荷匹配控制策略的适用性.结果表明:在制冷量自平衡条件下,多台冷水机组并联运行时存在能效基准,冷水机组群按照能效基准所对应的控制策略运行可实现能效比最大化,本算例中的空调系统负荷率分别在14%～39%、43%～100%范围内变化时,冷水机组群平均能效比EER≥5,最大EER达5.43;在变冷冻水供水温度运行条件下,冷水机组控制策略不随冷冻水出水温度改变而改变,具有良好的适用性;在实际工程中进行冷水机组选型搭配时,以较少的冷水机组并联运行台数实现较高总体运行性能运行的非均匀负荷匹配方式应优先考虑.     

船用冷水机组启动后不增载的故障分析与处理

船用冷水机组是远洋船舶不可少的装置之一,对改善船员生活条件,提供适宜工作环境有着极其十分重要的意义。冷水机组主要有压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀、蒸发器四大部件组成,常用制冷压缩机有活塞式、螺杆式、离心式、回转式等,其功能是输送和压缩制冷剂蒸汽。该文一例冷水机组螺杆式压缩机启动后不增载的现象为契机,通过螺杆式压缩机负荷调节的工作原理进行分析,并结合实际案例,对船舶制冷压缩机不增载现象提出了自己的处理思路和方法,为船舶工作者针对冷水机组不增载故障现象的快速有效排除提供了有利信息。     

旋转式压缩机储液器气流噪声的分析与抑制

为了抑制旋转式压缩机储液器的气流噪声,给出了不求解结构和声学方程,通过CFD方法求解储液器内流场和压力脉动.并通过理论分析来改善储液器.利用该方法将一台压缩机储液器的平口竖管变换成劈尖形状.数值计算表明,改进后储液器气流压力脉动和涡量强度均降低了,储液器结构特性和声学特性参数不受微小结构变化的影响.压缩机声学试验显示.改进后噪声降低了2～3 dB.     

带经济器的涡旋压缩机制冷循环热力学分析

为了研究带经济器的涡旋压缩机制冷循环,从压缩机的实际工作过程出发,结合制冷系统的部件特点建立了带经济器的涡旋压缩机制冷循环的数学模型,分析了辅助回路使用热力膨胀阀系统的各种情况下的动态特性。仿真结果表明:最合理的开孔位置在吸气腔刚刚闭合处,此时可以最大限度保证系统在低温工况时的实际制热性能,同时较好兼顾系统的经济性。开孔位置在一定范围内变化对于系统的经济性、安全性影响并不明显,但系统在低温工况下的制热量将有明显变化。该研究对于带经济器的螺杆压缩的准二级系统同样适用。     

斜盘式压缩机运用经济器循环的节能分析

通过研究系统循环的制冷剂流量比、中间压力、系统制冷量及制冷效率之间的变化关系，分析了带经济器的斜盘式压缩机制冷循环的节能效果．结果表明，带经济器的斜盘式压缩机制冷循环的节能效果明显，并且还可适当降低压缩机的排气温度．     

面向复合材料带隙预测的两段式集成学习模型构建

带隙是钙钛矿型复合氧化物材料重要的特征参数, 对材料的物理化学性质起决定性作用, 如导电性能和光电性能等. 为了寻找适合不同应用领域的钙钛矿型材料, 利用机器学习进行带隙预测是一种重要的研究手段. 构建了一个两阶段异质集成学习模型, 在第一阶段使用多种不同的基础机器学习器(回归模型)进行预测; 在第二阶段把对预测结果影响较大的描述子和基础机器学习器进行集成学习.利用该模型对 210 种钙钛矿型复合氧化物材料的带隙进行预测, 并与多种独立的机器学习算法以及不同集成策略模型的预测性能相对比, 评估了本模型的预测性能. 结果表明, 这种两段式的集成学习模型能够更好地学习到材料数据的内在关系, 并具有较好的预测效果和较强的泛化能力.     

基于蜗壳损失模型的离心压缩机性能预测研究

性能预测对离心压缩机的设计有着重要作用,可大大降低设计成本和缩短设计周期,对离心压缩机性能预测方法的研究意义重大;针对单级离心压缩机,基于一维设计参数,通过提出新的蜗壳损失模型,替代传统半经验损失模型;采用能量平均的方法对叶轮出口速度及滑移系数进行修正,获得理论功,建立离心压缩机整机性能预测方法;对一台单级高速离心压缩...     

基于GRBF神经网络的多级煤气压缩系统建模

以某钢厂燃气、蒸汽联合循环发电机组煤气压缩系统为背景,建立以煤水分离器、离心式压缩机和冷却器为核心的多级煤气压缩系统机理模型.采用自适应遗传算法辨识机理模型中某些难以确定的重要参数.由于多级煤气压缩系统的影响因素较多,机理模型预测结果不精确.利用基于广义径向基函数的神经网络补偿机理模型的误差,建立GRBF神经网络和机理模型并联的多级煤气系统的混合模型.试验结果表明相比于机理模型,混合模型有更高的预测精度.     

基于Kriging模型的冷水机组故障检测与诊断方法

提出应用Kriging模型对冷水机组进行故障检测与诊断(FDD),采用ASHRAE RP-1043项目中无故障运行数据建立并验证冷水机组Kriging模型.利用参数敏感性原理对比T-统计方法和指数加权移动平均(EWMA)方法,对比结果表明,EWMA方法提高了参数敏感性.结合Kriging模型、EWMA方法和故障诊断规则表,用实测故障数据对冷水机组故障进行检测与诊断,检测和诊断的故障包括冷凝器结垢、制冷剂充注过多、制冷剂泄漏、不凝性气体、冷冻水流量减少和冷却水流量减少6个故障.诊断结果表明,应用Kriging模型能够准确有效地检测与诊断冷水机组不同水平的故障.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-