医用钛合金海尔贝克磁场阵列化学磁流变抛光研究

为了提高医用钛合金（TC4）抛光中的精度以及效率,采用基于海尔贝克磁场阵列的化学磁流变抛光方法加工医用钛合金. 利用海尔贝克磁场阵列强化磁场强度,将过氧化氢溶液作为氧化剂来进行抛光加工. 通过仿真模拟对比海尔贝克磁场阵列与常规N-S磁场阵列,改变羰基铁粉的活性来验证实验可行性,研究了加工间隙、主轴转速以及磨粒粒径对工件表面粗糙度以及接触角的影响规律. 结果表明,海尔贝克磁场阵列比常规N-S磁场阵列有更高的磁场强度;采用本文方法抛光的医用钛合金表面粗糙度比单一纯磁流变抛光降低80%;当加工间隙为0.8 mm,主轴转速为400 rad/min,磨粒粒径为1 μm时,可使工件表面达到光滑效果,表面粗糙度最优可达15.5 nm,同时测量出实验组钛合金表面接触角数值多数小于90°. 应用该方法抛光医用钛合金可以得到超光滑表面,表面具有亲水性,符合医用钛合金标准.     

气-液-固三相磨粒流旋流流场分析及加工实验研究

针对现有流体加工方法中加工效率低、易出现工件表面各区域加工纹理不均匀的问题,提出一种气-液-固三相磨粒流抛光加工新方法.基于Realizable k-ε湍流模型和Mixture模型,建立气-液-固三相磨粒流抛光加工数值模拟模型.数值模拟结果揭示了气-液-固三相磨粒流形成的高速湍流涡旋流场动力学特性,同时也发现了磨粒流流场中磨粒和微气泡的运动及分布规律,得到较优适用于气-液-固三相磨粒流抛光加工磨粒流入射角度设计参数,并设计出实验抛光工具.经过1h的实验加工后,与无微气泡条件的液固两相流抛光加工对比,气-液-固三相磨粒流抛光加工的工件表面相同区域的粗糙度值更低,纹理也更为均匀.上述研究结果表明:气-液-固三相磨粒流的流场特性提高了磨粒和微气泡运动的无序性及微气泡溃灭的概率,且磨粒流中的微气泡溃灭所释放的能量提高了磨粒的抛光加工效率.     

6H-SiC晶片集群磁流变研磨工艺优化

为了研究不同种类磨粒与羰基铁粉的粒径匹配性对加工效果的影响规律,并优化磁感应强度、研磨压力、研磨盘转速和工件转速等工艺参数,采用集群磁流变研磨方法对6H-SiC晶片进行了研磨试验。结果表明:当磨粒与羰基铁粉的粒径比约为1.5时加工效果较好;各工艺参数对6H-SiC加工的材料去除率的影响由大到小依次为磁感应强度、研磨盘转速、研磨压力、工件转速,对表面粗糙度的影响由大到小依次为磁感应强度、研磨压力、工件转速、研磨盘转速;磁感应强度可以改变羰基铁粉的吸附力,从而改变对磨粒的把持程度,成为影响加工效果最显著的因素。优化后的工艺参数组合为:工件转速60r·min-1;研磨盘逆向转速90r·min-1;研磨压力70kPa;磁感应强度0.012T。在此优化条件下能获得最大的材料去除率(0.498μm·min-1)和较低的表面粗糙度(86.3nm)。     

换能器阵列型超声抛光机理及声场仿真和实验研究

为了提高工件表面抛光质量和抛光效率,对传统非接触式超声振动抛光进行了改进,将单个换能器换成换能器阵列,同时加入料筐的旋转运动,设计了实验样机。分析了超声抛光的材料去除机理,推导出单颗磨粒去除材料体积和磨粒振动速度的表达式。利用COMSOL对样机抛光槽内液体进行声场仿真,研究了换能器个数、换能器布置间距、换能器输入电压对抛光液声场分布的影响,优化了抛光槽底部换能器的布置方式,仿真结果显示,换能器个数为4个、布置间距为55mm时,抛光槽中心区域声压分布更加均匀。实验探究了样机料筐转速、抛光时间、换能器输入电压对工件表面抛光质量的影响规律,确定了工件表面抛光效果最佳时的工艺参数组合,结果表明:料筐转速为50r/min、抛光时间为80min、换能器输入电压为150V时,抛光效果最好,此时工件表面粗糙度减小量为0.019μm,表面粗糙度变化率为33.33%。     

氮化硅陶瓷滚子磁流变与超声波复合抛光技术

根据氮化硅陶瓷材料的特点,研究了磁流变与超声振动对陶瓷滚子的抛光工艺。研制了适用于该工艺的磁流变液;在不同的试验参数下进行了工艺试验;分析了材料的去除机理。试验结果表明:金刚石微粉的抛光效果最好;金刚石微粉磁流变超声复合抛光陶瓷滚子1h的表面粗糙度Ra约为0.025μm;超声振动对陶瓷滚子抛光的材料去除率和表面质量有提高作用;材料去除过程主要是机械剪切力作用。     

钛合金TC4电火花线切割加工实验研究

电火花线切割是一种非接触式特种加工技术,在生产中广泛应用.本文对航空航天中常见材料钛合金(TC4)进行研究,对电火花线切割加工中的主要电参数(电流、脉冲宽度、占空比)对工件的加工效率及表面质量的影响进行实验,研究表明:工件表面粗糙度与加工的电流成正比,适当增加脉冲宽度、占空比参数可明显提高加工效率和工件表面质量.     

短电弧加工参数对钛合金TC4加工特性的影响研究

为研究钛合金TC4的加工特性,采用短电弧加工系统对钛合金TC4进行加工试验,确定短电弧加工参数对钛合金材料去除速率与加工表面质量的影响,在相同的加工条件下与不锈钢PH17-4试件进行了对比。采用正交试验确定影响加工表面质量的主次因素和最佳电加工参数,同时对电弧加工后的钛合金材料表面层进行了检测及分析。结果表明:短电弧加工钛合金TC4时,当放电间隙减小和电源电压增大时,金属材料的去除速率增大,加工效率提高,但工件的表面质量降低;当工件转速提高时,工件表面粗糙度值变化不明显,但材料去除速率增大;相同的加工条件下,其去除速率与表面质量均略低于不锈钢。影响钛合金TC4加工表面粗糙度的因素主次顺序为电源电压>放电间隙>主轴转速,最优加工方案为放电间隙0.3 mm,主轴转速118 r/min,电源电压10 V。加工后的钛合金材料表面层的机械性能及金相组织基本稳定,过热层厚度及硬度变化不明显,对后续的精加工不会造成困难,这为短电弧加工技术在钛合金材料加工方面的应用提供了一定的理论依据。     

磁场辅助软质工具游离磨粒抛光工艺研究

在软质工具机械抛光的基础上耦合外置环形磁场的辅助控制,采用混合铁磁性颗粒的硬质游离磨粒作为磨削介质,实现磁场辅助的软质工具游离磨粒抛光加工,并研究该工艺对抛光加工效率和质量的影响.通过抛光轨迹补偿实验,确定合理的轨迹补偿参数,并利用自行开发的轨迹规划软件,生成补偿后的抛光加工轨迹.采用正交实验的方法对多种金属材料的磁场辅助游离磨粒抛光加工过程进行参数优化研究并作对比验证,结果表明:外置的辅助磁场可提高软质工具抛光加工效率,改善工件抛光的表面粗糙度.     

单晶碳化硅磁流变抛光工艺实验研究

针对传统光学加工中碳化硅表面质量精度低和难于加工的特点,提出用磁流变直接加工碳化硅表面的工艺流程。采用自行研制的磁流变抛光机对Φ40×2mm的6H-SiC进行了抛光实验研究。结果表明,直径为40mm的碳化硅材料圆柱体,硅面经过20min的磁流变粗抛,表面粗糙度Ra提升至5.9nm,亚表面破坏层深度降至35.764nm,经过磁流变精抛和超精抛,表面粗糙度最终提升至0.5nm,亚表面破坏层深度降至1.4893nm,表面变得非常平坦,无划痕。由此表明,所采用的工艺流程可以实现碳化硅表面的纳米级抛光和非常小的亚表面破坏层深度。     

刀具直径和磨料粒度对微铣磨表面粗糙度的影响

微尺度铣磨复合加工是一种兼具微铣削与微磨削特点的新型加工工艺.为给微铣磨复合刀具参数优化提供理论依据和数据参考,用立方氮化硼(CBN)微铣磨复合刀对不同材料进行微铣磨复合加工试验,并与微铣削加工进行对比,研究刀具直径和磨粒粒度对工件表面质量的影响规律.结果表明:选择合适的刀具参数能使微铣磨复合加工表面粗糙度达到亚微米级,且优于微铣削表面质量;在一定范围内减小磨粒粒径或增大刀具直径能够提高微铣磨复合加工的表面质量,且磨料粒度对表面粗糙度的影响更为显著.     

Surface roughness and removal rate in magnetorheological finishing of a subsurface damage free surface

Asphericalopticalcomponentsareimportantin modernopticalsystems[1].Thereexistmanytypesof aspheres.Thecommonlyusedonesincludeparabola,ellipsoid,etc.[2]Recently,increasingrequirements forasphericalopticalcomponents(e.g.forlithogra phy)togetherwithgrowingfieldsoftheirapplication(e.g.conformalandfreeformoptics)resultina strongneedforopticalfinishingmethodsthatcanbe appliedlocallytopolishcomplexshapedaspheresin brittlematerials(e.g.glass)[3].However,making high precisionaspheresisstillprimarilyanard…     

Surface roughness and removal rate in magnetorheological finishing of a subsurface damage free surface

Based on computer-controlled optical surfacing, a new technique called magnetorheological finishing (MRF), is presented. The new technique combines the features of conventional loose abrasive machining with a wheel shaped polishing tool. The tool incorporates a host of features and has unprecedented fabricating versatility. The pre-polishing and fine polishing processes can be performed only by adjusting different parameters. The material removal function is studied theoretically and the results of simulation present a Gaussian distribution feature. Based on the established theoretical model, material removal rate experiments involving a parabolic mirror are designed and carried out to determine the effect of controllable parameters on size of the gap between the workpiece and the polishing wheel, rotating speed of the polishing wheel, concentration of volume fraction of non-magnetic particles and polishing time. Further experiments are carried out on the surface microstructure of the workpiece, the final surface roughness with an initial value of 10.98 nm reaches 1.22 nm root mean square (RMS) after 20 min of polishing. The subsurface damage experiment and the atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement on the polished surface can also verify the feasibility of the MRF technique.     

Experimental Investigation on Constrained Abrasive Fluid Polishing for Optical Glass

To find a cost effective,high-precision and environmental friendly way of polishing for optical glass,a series of experiments were focused on about constrained abrasive fluid polishing. Since abrasive particles can repeatedly impact the workpiece in a multidirectional way with high energy, the constrained abrasive fluid polishing method for optical glass has been proposed based on the abrasive fluid machining theory and elastic emission machining theory. A constrained abrasive fluid polishing system was designed and developed to polish K9 glass samples. Results show that K9 glass obtains a high accuracy with less fluid. Experiments indicate that,in a more effective,high-precision and environmental friendly way,constrained abrasive fluid polishing is possible to improve the quality of workpiece surface compared with free abrasive fluid polishing. In the process of removing materials of constrained abrasive fluid polishing,it gives priority to removing the materials of high spot and the high frequency error of smooth local zone can be modified. The abrasive particles can repeatedly impact the workpiece in a multidirectional way,and there are certain relationship among surface quality,material removal rate, and parameters such as speed,clearance, angle, time and particle size. In the process of constrained abrasive fluid polishing, it shows a high material removal rate,and it needn't to clamp workpieces. As a result,it could improve the processing efficiency significantly. The research on constrained abrasive fluid polishing has a practical significance and practical value in industrial production.     

磁流变抛光头形状对加工表面粗糙度的影响

设计了4种不同形状的抛光头,并使用自制的磁流变抛光液体在三轴数控铣床上对K9平面玻璃进行了磁流变抛光工艺试验.分析了在不同的磁场强度、磁极转速,加工间隙等多种情况下抛光头形状对加工表面粗糙度的影响.试验结果表明:槽型平面抛光头的抛光效果最好;同等条件下,在抛光头上开槽能有效地提高加工效率和加工质量.     

Viscosity behavior of magnetic suspensions in fluid-assisted finishing

Magnetic fluid-assisted finishing has been verified both theoretically and experimentally as an effective fabrication technology for optical mirrors and lenses. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel design of polishing tool and demonstrate the possible applications of this technology. The work includes studying the viscosity of the magnetic suspensions of micrometer-sized Carbonyl iron particles under the influence of a magnetic field. Both the cases of magnetizable suspension with and without abrasive cerium oxide particles are studied for their ensuing polishing effectiveness. Determination of material removal function is conducted using a Wyko Nat1100 interferometer. Experiments to reduce surface roughness with the proposed tool are also performed using a K9 mirror as the work-piece. Results show that the surface accuracy is improved over three times to less than 0.5 nm after two cycles of polishing.     

Viscosity behavior of magnetic suspensions in fluid-assisted finishing

Magnetic fluid-assisted finishing has been verified both theoretically and experimentally as an effective fabrication technology for optical mirrors and lenses. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel design of polishing tool and demonstrate the possible applications of this technology. The work includes studying the viscosity of the magnetic suspensions of micrometer-sized Carbonyl iron particles under the influence of a magnetic field. Both the cases of magnetizable suspension with and without abrasive cerium oxide particles are studied for their ensuing polishing effectiveness. Determination of material removal function is conducted using a Wyko Nat1100 interferometer. Experiments to reduce surface roughness with the proposed tool are also performed using a K9 mirror as the work-piece. Results show that the surface accuracy is improved over three times to less than 0.5 nm after two cycles of polishing.     

超声振动辅助抛光BK7过程中聚氨酯抛光垫磨损行为

抛光光学玻璃等硬脆材料时常选用聚氨酯抛光垫,其微观形貌和磨损直接影响抛光精度和效率.本文对不同抛光时长下聚氨酯抛光垫微观形貌和磨损行为及其对材料去除率和表面粗糙度的影响进行了实验研究.结果表明：当主轴转速为8 000 r/min,进给速度为0.015 0 mm/s,轴向超声振幅为5μm时,材料去除率和表面粗糙度分别为0.977μm/min和153.67 nm.聚氨酯抛光垫在30 min内磨损量较小,随着抛光时长的增加,抛光垫表面孔隙逐渐被磨粒和玻璃碎屑填充,破坏抛光垫表面的疏松多孔结构,导致抛光垫表面硬化,失去弹性.同时,侵入抛光垫表面的磨粒会阻止抛光接触区域内的磨粒更新,导致抛光质量降低.     

黄原胶添加量对液体磁性磨具稳定性的影响

液体磁性磨具对小孔的光整加工是一种新型的精密加工方法,磨具的稳定性对于保存和加工效果有着重要影响。为了提升液体磁性磨具的稳定性,提出了利用黄原胶改性固体颗粒的方法,制备了若干种不同配比的以黄原胶为活性剂改性固体颗粒的液体磁性磨具,测量其沉降率及黏度,观察固相颗粒的微观形貌。并对单个固相颗粒进行受力分析,从微观角度讨论活性剂的添加量对磨具稳定性的影响。加入黄原胶,磨具的稳定性提升,加工实验后的小孔的粗糙度有一定的降低。研究成果对液体磁性磨具的配制具有一定的指导作用。     

砂轮约束磨粒喷射精密光整加工表面形貌的创成机理

针对磨削加工存在表面缺陷层,重要零件需要在磨削后进行以去除表面缺陷层、降低粗糙度和波纹度等光整加工的实际,提出了砂轮约束磨粒喷射光整加工新工艺,将磨削与磨粒喷射精密光整加工一体化·阐述了表面光整加工的主要方法,研究了砂轮约束磨粒喷射精密光整加工材料去除机理和微观表面形貌的创成机理,在楔形区游离磨粒获得能量对工件进行抛磨、滑擦、微耕犁和微切削是材料去除机理的核心因素,磨料流体侧向挤出是均化和降低表面波纹度的主要因素·试验表明,该方法能明显去除磨削加工过度塑性变形、降低表面粗糙度和均化波纹度,对丰富精密光整加工工艺和理论具有重要意义,并对工业生产有实用价值·