具有铁磁偶合的新型双铜（Ⅱ）和双钴（Ⅱ）配合物

合成和表征了２个新的双金属配合物－［Ｃｕ（ＳＩＨ）］２·１／２％Ｈ２Ｏ和［Ｃｏ（ＳＩＨ）］２·１／２Ｈ２Ｏ，［ＳＩＨ］（２－）代表水杨醛异烟酰腙的脱氢阴离子］，其变温磁化率测定指出，两配合物双核单元中金属离子间存在着铁磁性相互作用。     

最好可能的森谱界

证明了森或树的任一正特征值λｑ－ｉ（ｉ＝ｑ－１，ｑ－２，…，０）满足λｑ－ｉ≥２ｃｏｓ［ｔｉπ／（２ｔｉ＋１）］（ｔｉ＝［［２ｑ／（ｉ＋１）］／２］），并指出这个下界对于边独立数为ｑ的森或者顶点数为ｎ、边独立数为ｑ的森是最好可能的；对于边独立数为ｑ的树或者顶点数为ｎ、边独立数为ｑ的树当ｉ＝ｑ－２，ｑ－３，…，ｑ－［（ｑ＋１）／２］或当ｉ＝ｑ－［（ｑ＋１）／２］－１，ｑ－［（ｑ＋１）／２］－２，…，１（ｑ０（ｍｏｄｉ＋１））时，这个下界是最好可能的     

螺［5．5］十一烷┐3┐酮的合成

研究了螺［５．５］十一烷－３－酮新的合成路线，即环己酮１经环氧化生成１－氧杂螺［２．５］辛烷２；２再与路易斯酸作用发生氢重排生成甲酰环己酮３；３与甲基乙烯酮在酸的催化下经迈克尔加成反应得到１－螺［５．５］十一烯－３－酮４；最后经加氢生成目的产物螺［５．５］十一烷－３－酮５，总收率为２８．９％，反应步骤少、操作简单     

R[[t1,…,t]][x1,…,xn]上的投射模

本文推广了文［２］的结果，证明了：有限生成投射Ｒ［［ｔ１，…，ｔ１］］［ｘ１，…，ｘｎ］－模都是自由的当且仅当有限生成投射Ｒ［ｘ１，…，ｘｎ］－模都自由。     

非降路径与栈的计数

栈计数是指序列１，２，…，ｎ，按不同的顺序进、出栈所得到的不同的排列的个数。在［１］和［２］中用不同的方法间接给出了栈计数的值。本文用非降路径与栈操作序列的对应关系，给出了栈计数的一种新的解法，它较之［１］和［２］方法更为直观、简洁。     

Banach空间中增算子的不动点定理

本文给出了Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间中增算子的若干不动点定理及其推论，它们是文献［１］、［２］、［３］及［６］中相应定理的推广。     

N,N—二甲基苯胺和1,1—二氯—2—苯基环丙烷的光诱导电子转移反应

Ｎ,Ｎ－二甲苯胺（１）和１,１－二氯－２－苯基环丙烷（２）的乙腈溶液在紫外光照射下产生Ｎ－甲基苯胺（３,２４％）,１－氯－２－苯基环丙烷（４,７９％）,双［４－（Ｎ,Ｎ－二甲胺基）苯基］甲烷（５,４０％）和Ｎ－［４′－（Ｎ′,Ｎ′－二甲胺基）苄基］－Ｎ－甲基苯胺（６,７％）等产物．荧光淬灭的实验结果表明２可以扩散控制速率（ｋｑ＝３．９×１０９Ｌ／ｍｏｌｓ－１）淬灭１的荧光．１和２之间电子转移的自由能变化（ΔＧ）为－１．０１ｅＶ．因此可以认为反应是通过如下的光诱导电子转移机理进行的．     

关于（x）的几个不等式

本文研究了关于［ｘ］的两个不等式；得到对一切的自然数ｎ有［ｘ＋ｙ＋ｎｚ］＋［ｘ＋ｎｙ＋ｚ］＋［ｎｘ＋ｙ＋ｚ］≤［（ｎ＋２）ｘ］＋［（ｎ＋２）ｙ］＋［（ｎ＋２）ｚ］＋２；当且仅当１≤ｎ≤４时，有［ｘ］＋［ｙ］＋［ｚ］＋［ｘ＋ｎｙ＋ｚ］＋［ｘ＋ｙ＋ｎｚ］＋［ｎｘ＋ｙ＋ｚ］≤［（ｎ＋３）ｘ］＋［（ｎ＋３）ｙ］＋［（ｎ＋３）ｚ］＋１。     

插值三次样条的存在唯一性

本文用与［１］－［３］不同的方法，讨论带有端点条件；２Ｍ０十λ０Ｍ１＝ｄ０和μＮＭＮ－１＋ ２ＭＮ＝ｄＮ的三次插值样条的存在唯一性，给出一些比［１］－［３］都宽的充分条件．     

正态常相关样本的抽样分布和方差分析

本文指出了曹胜炎等［１］论文中的一些结论在ＲａｏＣ．Ｒ［２］文中已有论述，并且采用更为简捷的方法证明了文［１］的定理。另外，给出了常相关样本的方差分析。     

亚硝酸钠多晶与粉末中铁电相变的研究

对NaNO 2粉末与多晶材料的复介电常数随温度的变化情况进行了讨论,并研究了其铁电相变过程.结果表明：1）高温（420K以上）低频（100Hz以下）条件下,NaNO2粉末及多晶材料复介电常数的变化主要是由离子扩散引起的.而高频（105Hz,106Hz）复介电常数实部的值在相变温度附近基本与频率无关,能够反映材料的极化和结构信息.2）在443K～450K范围内, NaNO 2粉末样品的激活能U为0.70eV,NaNO 2多晶的激活能U为1.58eV,NaNO 2多晶的激活能要大于NaNO2粉末的激活能,这说明NaNO2粉末与多晶中离子扩散可能起源于材料的本征缺陷.3） NaNO2粉末中铁电相变在复介电常数曲线上的表现比NaNO2多晶明显;临界温度Tc以上437K至440K范围内,NaNO 2多晶的复介电常数实部随温度的变化曲线偏离居里-外斯定律,说明该铁电相变过程中存在反常现象,这一现象与NaNO 2单晶的结果相吻合.     

降压药对烟碱引起大鼠心血管功能作用的影响

目的本试验通过给大鼠注射不同剂量的氯异吲哚铵和梅坎米胺,来观察其对心血管功能的影响。实验表明大剂量的氯异吲哚铵对神经节的阻断作用能改变心率和血压,而心率和血压的改变受氯异吲哚铵和梅坎米胺不同剂量对神经节的阻断程度的控制,在注射氯异吲哚铵和梅坎米胺30min～3d的时间里能够有效的对抗烟碱作用引起的心率和血压的增加。     

壳聚糖的制备及降解工艺条件的选择

本文探讨了壳聚糖的制备方法及使用NaNO_2降解法制备低聚壳聚糖的工艺条件。采用酸碱水解的方法制得壳聚糖,并对其理化性质进行了检测;同时采用正交试验设计探讨了降解条件对产物特征粘度和粘均分子量的影响。试验结果表明,各降解条件对壳聚糖粘均分子量的影响大小为:反应时间>反应温度>10％NaNO_2用量>乙酸浓度,最佳处理为:10％NaNO_2的用量0.6mL,反应温度40℃,反应时间45min,乙酸浓度1％。     

生物加速器质谱法研究尼古丁与生物大分子的加合

自1992年以来,使用北京大学重离子物理研究所的2×6 MV EN型串列静电加速器上的加速器质谱仪(AMS),较系统地研究了¹⁴C标记的尼古丁和鼠肝、肺细胞核DNA的加合,以及和鼠肝细胞核组蛋白的加合。在这些体内生物大分子中均观察到肯定的加合作用。加合物数目随尼古丁的动物剂量的增加而增加,剂量响应呈指数直线关系或非指数直线或曲线关系。实验结果表明尼古丁不仅是公认的吸烟上瘾的主要因子,而且可能是致癌物质。AMS测量灵敏度达很高水平：每10¹⁰个核苷酸可检测的最低限量为1个加合物和每mg(毫克)H1蛋白质可检测的最低限量为4.6×10^-17mol加合物,后者高于前人报道过的灵敏度。生物加速器质谱法可以为基因毒性研究提供极灵敏的生物标志物。     

Nicotine reinforcement and cognition restored by targeted expression of nicotinic receptors

Worldwide, 100 million people are expected to die this century from the consequences of nicotine addiction, but nicotine is also known to enhance cognitive performance. Identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in nicotine reinforcement and cognition is a priority and requires the development of new in vivo experimental paradigms. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain is thought to mediate the reinforcement properties of many drugs of abuse. Here we specifically re-expressed the beta2-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) by stereotaxically injecting a lentiviral vector into the VTA of mice carrying beta2-subunit deletions. We demonstrate the efficient re-expression of electrophysiologically responsive, ligand-binding nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in dopamine-containing neurons of the VTA, together with the recovery of nicotine-elicited dopamine release and nicotine self-administration. We also quantified exploratory behaviours of the mice, and showed that beta2-subunit re-expression restored slow exploratory behaviour (a measure of cognitive function) to wild-type levels, but did not affect fast navigation behaviour. We thus demonstrate the sufficient role of the VTA in both nicotine reinforcement and endogenous cholinergic regulation of cognitive functions.     

The Srs2 helicase prevents recombination by disrupting Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments

Homologous recombination is a ubiquitous process with key functions in meiotic and vegetative cells for the repair of DNA breaks. It is initiated by the formation of single-stranded DNA on which recombination proteins bind to form a nucleoprotein filament that is active in searching for homology, in the formation of joint molecules and in the exchange of DNA strands. This process contributes to genome stability but it is also potentially dangerous to cells if intermediates are formed that cannot be processed normally and thus are toxic or generate genomic rearrangements. Cells must therefore have developed strategies to survey recombination and to prevent the occurrence of such deleterious events. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, genetic data have shown that the Srs2 helicase negatively modulates recombination, and later experiments suggested that it reverses intermediate recombination structures. Here we show that DNA strand exchange mediated in vitro by Rad51 is inhibited by Srs2, and that Srs2 disrupts Rad51 filaments formed on single-stranded DNA. These data provide an explanation for the anti-recombinogenic role of Srs2 in vivo and highlight a previously unknown mechanism for recombination control.     

双层模板电解加工工艺对LY12表面阵列微坑形貌的影响

针对铝合金(LY12)表面阵列微坑加工精度较低的现状,提出了采用双层模板电解加工铝合金(LY12)表面阵列微坑工艺.该工艺采用高电流密度的方法去除加工过程中的铝合金材料表面的点蚀现象,并使用非线性的硝酸钠溶液减小微坑的侧向腐蚀.通过对电流密度和电解液参数的合理优化,在铝合金工件表面得到形貌一致的阵列微坑.试验结果表明,在双层模板电解加工过程中,采用硝酸钠溶液作为电解液,并选取电流密度为25 A/cm2,可有效减小阵列微坑的侧向腐蚀,提高铝合金表面阵列加工的定域性.     

Effect of NaNO<Subscript>3</Subscript> concentration on anodic electrochemical behavior on the Sb surface in NaOH solution

The effect of NaNO₃ concentration on the anodic electrochemical behavior of antimony in 4 M NaOH solution was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses. The mechanism of NO₃- concentration effect on the anodic electrochemical behavior of antimony was proposed, and its availability was confirmed by experimental results. The effect of NaNO₃ on the anodic behavior of antimony in NaOH solution can be interpreted as a stepwise formation of different antimony compounds with different NaNO₃ concentrations. Metallic antimony is apt to be oxidized into Sb₂O₃ within the NaNO₃ concentration range of 0-0.48 M. NaSbO₃ can be found on the antimony surface when the NaNO₃ concentration increases gradually. Insoluable NaSbO₃ inhibits the anodic oxidation of antimony due to its shielding effect on the mass transport of the reactants and products. Surface morphology and composition were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. Results indicate that the anodic oxidation layer is composed of Sb₂O₃, NaSbO₃, and Sb. The atomic proportion of antimony in the form of NaSbO₃ increases with increasing NaNO₃ concentration due to the powerful oxidizing property of NaNO₃.     

γ辐照降解HCB的机理及动力学研究

研究了1.2%的H2O2以及10-2mol/L的NaNO3溶液体系中,γ辐照技术降解六氯苯的降解效果的差异,分析研究了其反应动力学方程;反应前后溶液体系的Cl-浓度;另外对γ辐照降解HCB的降解产物进行了研究.研究结果表明,5%的异丙醇和10-2mol/L的NaNO3溶液体系对γ辐照降解HCB具有抑制作用,而在低剂量下1.2%的H2O2对γ辐照降解HCB具有促进作用,空白采用一级动力学方程拟合效果最佳,异丙醇溶液体系拟合效果最差;γ辐照降解HCB的降解产物主要为氯苯类化合物,且反应体系中Cl-浓度是随着辐照剂量的增加而增加的,γ辐照技术能够有效地对六氯苯进行脱氯.     

运动疲劳及运动后能源物质恢复

剧烈的运动都会产生不同程度的疲劳．运动训练的任务之一是延缓疲劳的发生,从而提高运动成绩．运动后加速机体的恢复过程是当前运动训练的一个重要课题．本文简要论述运动后能源物质的恢复过程、主要能源物质的恢复和影响恢复的因素;着重论述促进恢复过程的方法,为教学、训练提供科学依据