歧口凹陷沙一下亚段重力流沉积特征及储层精细描述

探讨渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷沙一下亚段受葛沽物源控制的重力流沉积体系的平面特征、沉积机制以及沉积模式,探讨其优质储层的控制因素.以"构造-层序-沉积-储层"一体化研究为思路,通过对研究区岩心、测录井、三维地震、测试分析等资料的综合分析,葛沽物源控制的重力流沉积体系主要沿中央隆起带运移,在隆起带及隆起带两侧沉积,自北向南多级断坡输送、长距离搬运、沿路沉积,整体为隆起-断裂沟槽-凹陷组合沉积模式.平面上主要发育内扇、中扇、外扇3种沉积亚相,包括主水道、分支水道、水道侧缘、越岸席状砂、浊积席状砂、深湖泥6类沉积微相,成因机制上识别出泥质碎屑流、砂质碎屑流、过渡型液化流、似涌浪浊流(高密度-低密度悬移)4种重力流类型.储层物性研究表明,重力流沉积体储层致密,主要为超低渗-低渗,孔隙的峰值在特低孔范围,中央隆起带的构造活动有效改善了储层物性,相比之下最优质的储层分布在重力流主水道微相.葛沽物源控制并形成兼具牵引流性质和重力流性质的水道型重力流,沉积微相是其有利区带的主控因素,未来油气勘探方向应以中央隆起带的重力流主水道沉积体为主.     

白云凹陷珠江组深水扇砂岩储层特征及控制因素

通过薄片鉴定,扫描电镜、物性和孔隙结构分析,对珠江口盆地白云凹陷珠江组深水扇储层特征、控制因素和分布规律展开研究。该深水扇沉积体系的储层主要为一套碎屑流沉积的灰色中-粗粒长石岩屑砂岩和中-细粒岩屑长石砂岩,储集空间以原生粒间孔为主,次为粒间溶孔和裂缝等,具有排驱压力及中值压力小,孔喉半径大、配位数高和分选好等好的孔隙结构,多数属于中-高孔高渗型储层。储层发育主要受陆架坡折带和沉积相控制,后者包括沉积微相、砂岩粒度和砂体发育规模在内的三要素。由于深水扇砂体较早地进入超压旋回,仅经历了相当于中等埋藏深度的早成岩阶段A→B期的成岩改造,对储层发育的影响不大,因此,储层预测可以砂体成因类型和发育规模为主要依据,以深水扇内扇和中扇分流水道为最有利的勘探开发目标。     

莱州湾凹陷沙三段低位域湖底扇沉积特征及水道构型

莱州湾凹陷沙三段低位域发育断裂斜坡背景下的湖底扇,具有明显地震反射外形,但湖底扇内部结构杂乱,砂体垂向叠置关系及平面富集位置在勘探及早期评价阶段难以预测,基于钻井、测井、分析化验及三维地震资料,依据湖底扇重力流水道流变学性质及流体浓度分类的原则,将湖底扇水道砂体成因搬运机制分为滑动、滑塌、碎屑流、浊流,其中碎屑流分为泥质碎屑流和砂质碎屑流,结合不同成因搬运机制的水道砂体地震反射特征,在湖底扇不同相带识别刻画5种沉积结构单元,分别是叠覆型水道、复合型水道、水道侧翼、单一型水道及水道间,并通过模型正演验证不同单元分类可靠性及富砂差异。结果表明,内扇叠覆型水道发育多期滑动-滑塌沉积,储层总体厚度大,中扇低部位复合型水道发育砂质碎屑流储层物性好,二者均为油气勘探实施钻探的有利部位,外扇储层发育程度较低。来自肯东凸起物源的高建设性辫状河三角洲为湖底扇提供大量砂质基础,坡折带与古地貌共同控制湖底扇沉积搬运机制和水道走向及水道类型。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7段深水沉积特征及沉积模式

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组深水沉积砂体的成因类型及沉积模式研究具有较大的争议,而且只用一种成因模式去解释深水沉积系统有一定的局限性。依据对鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长7段的野外剖面的观测及部分岩芯观察,基于沉积学相标志分析,对盆地延长组长7段深水沉积砂体特征及沉积模式进行了详细研究,取得了以下认识:首先,划分了研究区深水沉积砂体成因类型,包括风暴岩、滑动岩、滑塌岩、砂质碎屑流沉积及浊流沉积,总结了各类型深水沉积体的识别标志;其次,将研究区深水沉积体系划分为水道化的风暴沉积体系和无水道发育的滑移-滑塌沉积体系;风暴沉积体系划分为水道化风暴岩、水道侧缘及风暴浊积岩朵叶体,为风暴侵蚀成因;滑移-滑塌体系可以分为滑动岩、滑塌岩、碎屑流舌状体、远源浊流沉积,为地震、火山或风暴活动触发三角洲前缘坡折带沉积物失稳滑塌形成。综合砂体成因类型和沉积模式,可以更加直观地研究湖盆深水区沉积物组合及分布规律,为湖盆深水区油气勘探提供理论支撑。     

下寺湾油区延长组长7油层湖底扇沉积特征

下寺湾油田三叠系延长组长7油层在深湖相泥岩中发育巨厚的含油浊积砂体,拓宽了油气勘探领域。长7油层组主要发育浊积扇沉积中扇亚相、外扇亚相,中扇亚相可以识别出辫状水道、水道间漫溢、无水道席状砂等微相,其中辫状水道是主要的储集砂体;长7浊积扇为三角洲前缘分流河道沉积物继续滑落至深湖区形成的湖底扇沉积,受控于湖盆底形及其前缘分流河道,呈宽缓带状东北-西南向展布。对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7油层浊积沉积体系特征,垂向演化规律和有利储积砂体的分布规律研究,对指导和加快长7油层油气勘探具有重要意义。     

黄河口凹陷西北部滑塌浊积扇沉积特征

通过研究渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷沙河街组沙三下亚段岩芯岩性、沉积结构、构造特征以及测井曲线特征和地震反射特征,认为研究区含油砂岩体为半深湖—深湖环境形成的滑塌浊积扇,可分为内扇、中扇和外扇3个亚相。内扇主要由滑塌堆积和碎屑流沉积组成,中扇主要由碎屑流和浊流沉积组成,外扇主要由浊流沉积组成。结合区域地质背景,探讨了滑塌浊积扇的形成机理和主控因素。浊积扇砂岩体往往被形成于深湖—半深湖相还原环境的深灰色、灰黑色泥岩包围,易形成岩性圈闭,有利于油气的运移和聚集成藏,是断陷湖盆陡坡带油气勘探的重要目标。     

欢喜岭地区沙三段大凌河油层近岸水下扇沉积特征

辽河坳陷西部凹陷欢喜岭地区沙三段大凌河油层主要为一套近岸水下扇的陆相断陷湖盆沉积.根据岩性组合特征、沉积序列和测井等特征,可以划分出扇根、扇中和扇端3个亚相.对欢喜岭地区大凌河油层近岸水下扇体的沉积构造、粒度概率曲线、重矿物以及电性等特征进行了详细的分析,结果显示在扇中亚相和扇端亚相识别出扇根主河道、扇中分流水道微相、扇中水道间微相、扇中前缘微相和扇端席状砂微相5个沉积微相.受基底构造和主干断层断裂坡折带的控制,近岸水下扇在平面上具有分带性,沉积砂体平面呈扇状展布,砂体延伸较远,砂层厚度较大,沉积砂体属近源快速堆积型,垂向上由多个叠置的近岸水下扇扇体组成.     

东营凹陷北部陡坡带东段深水浊积扇储集特征

目的 分析东营凹陷北部陡坡带东段深水浊积扇体储层特征及其控制因素.方法 利用沉积学、储层地质学理论及分析技术.结果 东营凹陷北部陡坡带东段沙4段储层是砂、砾岩为主的深水浊积扇沉积体,其储层岩石结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低,储集空间以残余粒间孔和溶蚀孔为主.喉道连通差,非均质性强,为典型的低孔、低渗-特低渗储集层.储层物性的变化主要受控于沉积微相、成岩作用及构造等因素.结论 辫状水道及主沟道微相是最有利的储集相带,道间微相为较有利的储集相带.     

准噶尔盆地北缘山前带湿地扇沉积特征及控藏作用

综合野外露头、岩心、钻测井以及分析测试资料等,对准噶尔盆地北缘哈拉阿拉特山山前带侏罗系八道湾组开展了系统的沉积相研究。结果表明:八道湾组一段沉积时期,受构造背景、古物源、古气候的综合影响,哈山南缘山前带发育一套典型的湿地扇沉积,可识别出扇根、扇中、扇缘三种亚相,扇中可进一步分为辫状水道和泥炭沼泽两类微相;在明确了相类型及其展布特征的基础上,建立研究区湿地扇沉积相模式,其在岩性特征、沉积序列、平面规模、微相组合等方面均与洪积扇有明显区别;山前带湿地扇沉积区具有良好的勘探潜力,有利的微相、岩石相以及原始沉积组构共同控制着油藏分布,其中扇中辫状水道砂砾岩相和粗砂岩相为原油富集的有利储集相带。     

尼日尔盆地某深水海底扇发育的控制因素

深入分析了深水勘探"金三角"之一的尼日尔盆地某深水海底扇沉积体系的展布特征,提出了限制区—半限制区—非限制区分区控制的深水海底扇相展布模式,认为不同重力流类型对沉积物的搬运能力是不同的,从陆坡顶部向盆地方向,重力流沉积类型存在"蠕动—滑动—滑塌—碎屑流—浊流"的演化过程.对海平面波动和古地貌对深水海底扇发育的控制进行了分析,结果表明:海平面变化控制了深水海底扇发育的规模,古地貌控制了海底扇沉积体系的展布特征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-