孔雀鱼精子发生的显微与超微结构

对卵胎生硬骨鱼孔雀鱼精子的发生进行了显微与超微结构研究.成鱼精巢呈肾形,腹面有输精管伸出,内部构造为小管型.孔雀鱼精子发生经过精原细胞,初级精母细胞,次级精母细胞,精子细胞及变态精子阶段;初级精母细胞和精子细胞高尔基体和囊泡丰富;从精母细胞到精子细胞有细胞质不完全分裂现象;成熟精子头部较长,袖套部分长度是头部的2倍,直径与精子头部相同,线粒体多.鞭毛有侧鳍,其轴丝为典型的“9+2”结构.     

短尾鮠精子发生的超微结构研究

用透射电镜观察了短尾鮠的精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子的形态以及细胞核、拟染色体和线粒体等的结构变化规律．结果表明：精原细胞时期细胞器较丰富，到精子细胞后期，细胞器的形态和数量发生了较大变化；随着精母细胞的发育，核质凝聚程度逐渐增强．短尾鮠的精子具有椭圆的头部和复杂的中片，近侧中心粒和远侧中心粒靠近核的中央，鞭毛呈9＋2轴丝结构，并具有由外膜折迭形成的波浪形的结构．表明短尾鮠精子发生中具有某些区别于其它鱼类精子的不同结构．     

皱纹盘鲍精巢及精子结构的研究

用光镜和电镜观察了皱纹鲍精巢和精子的结构,生精细胞通过基膜着生在分枝的结缔组织上,由基底部向精巢腔增殖。观察到５个阶段的生精细胞。精子可分为头部、中段和末段３部分,头部由顶体、顶体上腔和细胞核组成;中段由中心粒、线粒体和核糖体组成;末段细长,轴丝为典型的“９＋２”微管结构。     

鳜精巢的组织学和超微结构观察

对鳜精巢的组织学结构和超微结构进行观察．鳜精巢呈叶型结构,由精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞、成熟精子等生殖细胞和支持细胞、间质细胞、边界细胞、类肌细胞、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞等非生殖细胞组成．鳜精子形成过程,精细胞大致经历了鞭毛发生,核质凝缩及核位置的改变,线粒体迁移等过程．鳜成熟精子无顶体结构,头短而圆,主要为核占据,核凹窝发达,尾细长,具侧鳍,尾部轴丝为“9 2”结构．     

剑尾鱼精巢的显微和超微结构观察

对性成熟卵胎生鱼类剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus helleri)的精巢进行了显微和超微结构的观察.结果显示,剑尾鱼具一对索状精巢,其内部呈小管型.精巢内每一精小囊的生殖细胞发育同步,从精子发生到成熟精子的形成,精小囊逐渐由小管盲端向中央腔方向移动,在迁移过程中逐渐发育.剑尾鱼的精子发生经过精原细胞,初级精母细胞,次级精母细胞,精细胞及变态精子、成熟精子等阶段.剑尾鱼成熟精子分为头部、中段、尾部3个部分.     

北京鸭精子发生过程的电镜观察

应用电子显微镜研究了北京鸭的精子发生过程。初级精母细胞有一个分化的过程,其细胞核的顶部上方有一个由高尔基体和线粒体组成的高尔基区,这一区和核内染色体的出现有明显的位置相关,并随着减数分裂的进行而分散。观察了精细胞变态过程中细胞核的形态和结构的变化。探讨了由高尔基体形成顶体、由远端中心粒和线粒体形成中段、由远端中心粒的未端形成尾丝的过程。发现包围细胞核的微管随着精子的发育而层数逐渐增多,此微管系统的变化与精子头部核的定型有关。     

东方杯叶吸虫精巢和精子发生的超微结构研究

本文应用透射电镜研究了东方杯叶吸虫精巢和精子的超微结构及精子发生过程,并与体外培养成虫进行比较,提出一种精子结构模式图.精子的形成经历了由精原细胞,初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子的发育等过程.精子细胞形成后,胞质突起形成一分化区,并发育成精子鞘,核向鞘中旋转、浓缩和迁移,两根鞭毛轴丝由鞘中基体发出;鞭毛为9+“1”结构.体外培养成虫尚有几种不正常的成熟精子,可作为体外培养的评价指标.     

东方杯叶吸虫精巢和精子发生的超微结构研究

本文应用透射电镜研究了东方杯叶吸虫精巢和精子的超微结构及精子发生过程,并与体外培养成虫进行比较,提出一种精子结构模式图。精子的形成经历了由精原细胞,初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子的发育等过程。精子细胞形成后,胞质突起形成一分化区,并发育成精子鞘,核向鞘中旋转、浓缩和迁移,两根鞭毛轴丝由鞘中基体发出;鞭毛为9+“1”结构。体外培养成虫尚有几种不正常的成熟精子,可作为体外培养的评价指标。     

赤点石斑鱼精子发生和形成的超微结构研究

用透射电镜研究了赤点石斑鱼Epinephelus妇精子发生和精子形成过程。结果表明，赤点石斑鱼精子发生经历了初级精原细胞、次级精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞阶段。精子细胞再经过精子形成过程成为精子。在初级精原细胞、次级精原细胞阶段，细胞核释放出拟染色体。拟染色体分布于精原细胞和前期Ⅰ的初级精母细胞的细胞质中。初级精母细胞减数分裂早期同源染色体配对明显可见，并形成联会复合体。精子细胞之间存在细胞联系（桥粒）。赤点石斑鱼成熟精子的特点是细胞核圆形，核内染色质致密，没有核泡（核空隙）。精子尾部细长，横切面为典型的“9＋2”轴丝结构。     

中国大鲵精子形态研究

通过扫描电镜和光学显微镜,观察了中国大鲵精子的形态结构,并对精子各部位量度进行了测量和计算,结果表明:大鲵精子由头部和尾部组成,无明显的颈部.精子头部细长且直,前端渐细呈锥状,顶体由顶体鞘和穿孔器组成,头部中后部有胞质小团分布;尾部呈波状,由轴纤维、波动膜和轴丝构成.精子的全长为252.45±11.19 μm(n=20),顶体长23.33±1.68 μm,头长68.27±2.75 μm,尾长184.19±11.74 μm,头宽2.63±0.34 μm.比较分析表明:中国大鲵精子具有隐鳃鲵科精子的共同形态结构特征;隐鳃鲵科物种精子的形态结构与小鲵科的具有相似性;在大鲵的人工授精过程中,保证精子结构完整,是提高大鲵受精率的一个重要因素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to