腌制沙芥提取物促胃肠动力活性研究

目的研究腌制沙芥提取物的促胃肠动力活性,初步探讨其促胃肠动力机理。方法考察小鼠便质便次、胃残留率和肠推进率等指标,研究其促胃肠动力活性并初步研究其作用机理。结果促胃肠动力研究显示腌制沙芥水提取物能明显增加小鼠的便次(111.11%)、减少胃内色素残留率(18.31%)和小肠推进率(18.89%),醇提取物也能明显增加小鼠的便次(98.87%)、增加胃排空率(19.93%)和小肠推进率(38.75%),腌制沙芥醇提取物的促胃肠动力效果优于腌制沙芥水提取物。结论腌制沙芥提取物具有良好的促胃肠动力活性,胃与小肠均为其作用部位。为沙芥用于增强胃肠动力、治疗胃肠道疾病提供了药理学实验依据。     

腌制沙芥提取物镇痛和镇咳活性研究

目的研究腌制沙芥水提取物和醇提取物的镇痛、镇咳活性,深入开发利用沙芥。方法通过小鼠热板和扭体实验,考查其镇痛作用;采用浓氨水喷雾实验研究其镇咳作用。结果热板和扭体实验表明,腌制沙芥提取物能明显抑制由物理和化学刺激引起的疼痛,且水提取物的活性大于醇提取物;浓氨水喷雾实验显示腌制沙芥提取物具有一定的镇咳作用,且醇提取物活性大于水提取物。结论腌制沙芥提取物具有良好的镇痛、镇咳作用。这为腌制沙芥应用于治疗疼痛、咳嗽提供了药理学实验依据。     

高河菜提取物对小鼠肠推进和胃排空的影响

目的:研究高河菜提取物对小鼠消化道动力的影响.方法:采用炭末推进实验观察高河菜提取物对阿托品所致小鼠小肠推进抑制的影响;采用甲基橙胃残留率的方法观察高河菜提取物对阿托品所致小鼠胃排空抑制的影响.结果:高河菜提取物2g/kg能明显拮抗阿托品对小鼠小肠推进抑制的作用;高河菜提取物2g/kg、1g/kg和0.5g/kg均能拮抗阿托品对小鼠胃排空抑制的作用.结论:高河菜提取物对阿托品所致小鼠胃肠功能障碍有明显的改善作用.     

棒棒木不同提取部位初步药效学研究

采用氨水致咳小鼠动物模型来评价棒棒木不同提取部位的镇咳作用,二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀和热板实验以及醋酸致小鼠扭体法实验研究比较棒棒木不同提取部位的抗炎、镇痛作用.结果表明:棒棒木石油醚和正丁醇提取部位可延长氨水引起的小鼠咳嗽潜伏期,减少咳嗽次数,而乙酸乙酯提取部位对咳嗽潜伏期和咳嗽次数的影响与空白对照组相比无显著性差异,棒棒木的各个提取部位均可减轻二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀的程度,减少醋酸所致的扭体次数,其中正丁醇提取部位的效果最强;石油醚和正丁醇提取部位可显著延长热板反应的痛阈值,而乙酸乙酯提取部位与空白组相比无显著差异.由此可推测棒棒木各提取部位均具有一定的抗炎作用,对外周性疼痛有较好的镇痛作用,其中石油醚和正丁醇提取部位具有良好的镇咳作用和中枢性疼痛的镇痛作用,是主要的有效提取部位.     

双银咳喘宁颗粒药效学研究

目的从止咳、平喘、祛痰、抗炎等方面评价双银咳喘宁颗粒的主要药效作用。方法从氨水致小鼠咳嗽、磷酸组胺引发豚鼠哮喘潜伏期、小鼠气管酚红排出量和乙酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加等实验,研究双银咳喘宁颗粒的止咳、平喘、祛痰、抗炎等药效学作用。结果双银咳喘宁颗粒能显著减少浓氨水引发的小鼠咳嗽次数,提示有一定的镇咳作用;能显著延长喷雾磷酸组胺后豚鼠出现哮喘反应的潜伏期,提示有一定的平喘作用;能显著增加小鼠气管内酚红排出量,提示有一定的祛痰作用;能显著抑制乙酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增加的作用,提示有一定的抗炎作用。结论双银咳喘宁颗粒具有止咳、平喘、祛痰和抗炎的药效学作用。     

不同川贝母制剂镇咳、祛痰和抗炎作用实验研究

目的:观察不同川贝母制剂的镇咳、祛痰和抗炎药效作用,为川贝母相关制剂的开发提供科学依据.方法:分别建立小鼠氨水致咳模型、酚红排痰模型、蛋清致小鼠足肿胀炎症模型,以及二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀炎症模型,观察川贝母片剂和川贝母膨化制剂对上述不同模型小鼠的镇咳、祛痰和抗炎药效作用.结果:川贝母片剂和膨化制剂均能明显或部分增加小鼠的酚红排泌量,抑制小鼠的耳部肿胀和足部肿胀,分别降低其肿胀率,显示出较好的抗炎和祛痰作用;与此同时,川贝母膨化制剂还能明显或部分减少氨水引起的小鼠咳嗽次数,显示出一定的镇咳作用.上述作用均优于川贝清肺糖浆及原料药.结论:川贝母片剂和膨化制剂具有一定的祛痰、镇咳和抗炎作用.     

隔山消对小鼠小肠推进作用的研究

目的:初步探讨隔山消乙酸乙酯提取物对小鼠小肠推进功能的影响.方法:对正常小鼠以及阿托品诱导的小肠功能抑制小鼠给予隔山消乙酸乙酯提取物,通过测定不同实验组炭末混悬液在小肠中的推进距离,评价隔山消乙酸乙酯提取物对小肠推进功能的影响.结果:隔山消乙酸乙酯提取物各剂量组均能明显提高正常小鼠小肠炭末推进率,其中高剂量组的作用最为明显,推进率达到了75.93%;隔山消乙酸乙酯提取物各剂量组还能提高阿托品抑制的小鼠小肠炭末推进率,以低剂量作用最好,推进率达到了43.28%.结论:隔山消乙酸乙酯提取物可以明显促进小肠运动,并能对抗阿托品所致的小鼠小肠功能障碍,这可能与M胆碱受体有关.     

民族常用药娘孜泽苦寒伤胃作用研究——对胃肠运动功能的影响

目的:研究民族常用药娘孜泽苦寒伤胃,对胃肠运动功能的影响,以期指导药物临床安全用药.方法:配制营养性半固糊,观察不同娘孜泽组分部位(水提物、生物碱部位及非生物碱部位)对正常小鼠胃排空和小肠推进功能的影响.结果:(1)动物出现蜷缩、嗜睡、精神状态差、自发活动减少等症状,水提部位和生物碱部位有少量动物死亡,解剖发现胃肠胀气明显;(2)娘孜泽水提物和生物碱部位能明显增加胃部营养糊的残留量,减少营养糊在小肠的推进距离,缩短小肠推进率,胃肠运动功能抑制明显,尤以生物碱部位0.180g/kg抑制作用最强.结论:娘孜泽具有明显的胃肠苦寒毒性,尤以其生物碱部位苦寒作用最为明显.     

民族常用药娘孜泽苦寒伤胃作用研究——对胃肠运动功能的影响

目的: 研究民族常用药娘孜泽苦寒伤胃, 对胃肠运动功能的影响, 以期指导药物临床安全用药. 方法: 配制营养性半固糊, 观察不同娘孜泽组分部位(水提物、生物碱部位及非生物碱部位)对正常小鼠胃排空和小肠推进功能的影响. 结果: (1)动物出现蜷缩、嗜睡、精神状态差、自发活动减少等症状, 水提部位和生物碱部位有少量动物死亡, 解剖发现胃肠胀气明显; (2)娘孜泽水提物和生物碱部位能明显增加胃部营养糊的残留量, 减少营养糊在小肠的推进距离, 缩短小肠推进率, 胃肠运动功能抑制明显, 尤以生物碱部位0.180g/kg抑制作用最强. 结论: 娘孜泽具有明显的胃肠苦寒毒性, 尤以其生物碱部位苦寒作用最为明显.     

番茄纤维对便秘小鼠通便作用的研究

为观察番茄纤维对便秘模型小鼠的润肠通便作用，采用小鼠粪便计数，小肠推进实验，观察样品对便秘模掣小鼠的粪便粒数、粪便重量、排便频率和小肠内容物推进率的影响。结果显示番茄纤维能明显促进小鼠小肠运动、增加粪便粒数、重量和提高排便频率。由此可知番茄纤维具有促排便作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to