Rich Pictures: Collaborative Communication Through Icons

A visual language of pictures, such as the rich picture used in the Soft System Methodology, offers a way of global communication that far exceeds the limitations of text and speech. Simple graphics can be rapidly communicated, processed and transmitted within a large and culturally diverse constituency. This paper looks at the benefits and interpretative risks when using rich pictures for system understanding. The aim of this paper is twofold: firstly to report upon an observation of a large scale collaborative diagramming workshop and compare the resulting pictures with a previous workshop study. Secondly, to develop further ongoing research which suggests rich picture construction can be aided by providing an icon legend. This paper compares 2 rich picture workshops: the diagramming workshop at the Open University eSTEeM Diagramming Colloquium in March 2012 and a workshop held in Heriot Watt University in February 2012. The comparative results are set against the ongoing empirically grounded rich picture research within Heriot-Watt University in Scotland. Preliminary results suggest there are a set of distinguishable icons and shapes that are generic across all rich pictures regardless of domain. Further analysis of the early results suggests a natural intrinsic grammar is manifested within rich pictures in terms of relationships, icons, context and connectors.     

Oral Assessment: Preparing Learners for Discourse in Communities of Practice

Grounded in social constructivism within an action research framework, this paper locates oral assessment within situated learning and focuses on the construction and assessment of knowledge within communities of practice. This study found that by simulating situations for undergraduate learners to familiarize them with the discourse practices before they are expected to interact on a more professional level within communities of practice, oral assessment enables exposure to the cultural models and the sociocultural groups that can socialize them into these. It is recommended that these experiences be guided by their educators and more capable peers so that learning can be scaffolded.     

Fair and Open Approach to Academic Publishing

The Journal Systemic Practice and Action Research (SPAR) aims to encourage into print authors and practitioners of systemic thinking and practice from all kinds of background. In this note we describe both the publishing world into which SPAR has emerged and the systemic and inclusive thinking behind the journal’s publishing policy. We set out our manifesto for a fair and open approach to academic publishing. “A rich and diverse set of potential bibliometric and scientometric predictors of research performance quality and importance are emerging today—from the classic metrics (publication counts, journal impact factors and individual article/author citation counts) to promising new online metrics such as download counts, hub/authority scores and growth/decay chronometrics. In and of themselves, however, metrics are circular: They need to be jointly tested and validated against what it is that they purport to measure and predict, with each metric weighted according to its contribution to their joint predictive power. The natural criterion against which to validate metrics is expert evaluation by peers; a unique opportunity to do this is offered by the 2008 UK Research Assessment Exercise, in which a full spectrum of metrics can be jointly tested, field by field, against peer rankings.” (Harnard 2008)     

基于频控阵的递推最小二乘波束形成算法

频控阵通过在阵元间加入远小于载频的频率增量,使波束的空间分布距离角度二维相关。基于频控阵基本结构,引入两种接收信号处理机制,并对其进行理论推导分析,仿真表明两种机制均能有效接收信号。针对指向误差存在,导向矢量失配导致主瓣发生偏移问题,采用递推最小二乘波束形成算法处理。仿真结果表明,存在指向误差时,该算法在两种机制中均能在目标位置形成主瓣,在干扰位置形成零陷,验证了算法在频控阵中应用的稳健性。     

第三代移动通信系统中无线定位服务的实现

介绍了3GPP(第三代移动通信伙伴计划)中的OTDOA-IPDL(下行链路空闲周期观测到达时间差)定位方法和AGPS(网络辅助全球定位系统)定位方法及各自的优缺点。深入分析了UMTS(通用移动通信系统)中定位服务架构的实现。指明了该架构设计在实现核心网与接入网分离、保证各种不同定位方法的实施以及未来新的服务与技术在该架构上平滑应用所做的各种努力。详细叙述了UMTS定位服务架构中一般信令操作过程。     

两类模糊PID控制器的等价性分析

变论域与变分布模糊PID控制器是两类不同的自适应模糊控制器 ,分别通过调整转换因子与隶属函数分布对模糊控制器的性能进行调节。利用模糊控制器结构分析方法对这两类模糊PID控制器的本质进行了深入分析。通过分析可以得出结论 ,在一定条件下这两类模糊PID控制器在性能调节方面是等价的。此结论将对这两种模糊PID控制器的应用提供参考     

中国城乡居民消费乘数效应的比较研究

基于社会核算矩阵(SAM)乘数理论和中国细化社会核算矩阵,本文对中国城乡居民消费乘数效应进行了比较研究.分别测算了按不同收入分组的中国城乡居民关于七类商品的账户乘数效应和固定价格乘数效应.并对账户乘数效应和固定价格乘数效应进行了比较研究.分析了中国城乡居民的消费潜力,并揭示了其消费需求结构特征和不同收入水平的居民在消费潜力上的差异.     

Exploring the Potency of Rich Pictures in a Systemic Lean Intervention Process

Systemic Practice and Action Research - This paper explores the usefulness of rich pictures as a method in Systemic Lean Intervention (SLI) process. It combines Lean and Systems Thinking analytical...     

基于承灾体的灾害后果演化模型研究

不同类型的突发事件作用于不同的区域往往产生各不相同的灾害后果.为此,本文基于灾害后果演化过程的关键因素——承灾体,研究并构建了灾害后果演化模型.首先,通过对大量各类突发事件灾害后果的分析,将各类承灾体状态统一分为正常、受损和损毁三种状态,以承灾体状态为节点,承灾体状态之间的相互影响关系为边,构建了灾害后果演化模型;其次,综合考虑演化过程中致灾因子的危险性、承灾体的脆弱性及应急响应行动的作用效果,确定了承灾体状态的演化规则;最后通过算例仿真说明了本文方法的应用:第一组仿真分别研究了各类承灾体不同状态的演化过程;第二组仿真研究了五种不同的应急响应策略在不同的初始能力下的效果差异.     

论系统的有限性和无限性

世界上存在着各种各样的系统。所有系统都可以分为有限系统和无限系统，所有系统都分别表现出有限性和无限性；系统的有限性和无限性是相对的，没有绝对的界限；系统的有限性和无限性有多层含义；对系统的有限性和无限性的研究具有重要意义。     

正态应力强度结构可靠性的精确限

对正态强度、应力，在参数均未知但都取得完全样本的情况下，本文在给出其结构可靠性的精确限的基础上，对几种近似限的误差做了比较。所有这些结果可方便地应用于对数正态应力、强度的情况。     

无人机视觉导航研究综述

对无人机视觉导航的现有算法从视觉处理和状态估计与数据融合两大方面作了分类总结,重点讨论了无人机获取图像的特征提取、视觉传感器同其他传感器的数据融合、以及实时得到状态估计的各种方法,同时,也涉及了未知环境下地图的建立,最后指出了无人机视觉导航在实际应用中面临的主要问题。     

Evaluating Climate Change Discourse in New Zealand

Issues of social responsibility, ethics and interdependence, as well as the pragmatic imperative to better understand complexity, require that diverse viewpoints be invited and given credence by policy makers seeking imaginative ‘solutions’ to climate change. This paper explores the statutory introduction of biofuels into New Zealand by way of the discourses that preceded this decision. This inquiry used Critically Systemic Thinking and ‘Mode 2’ Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to engage with multiple stakeholders to the Biofuels policy to discover how the discourse was conducted. It concludes that the process of policymaking was framed in technical rationalist terms thereby favouring certain ‘worldviews’ over others. Accordingly, a model of ‘ideal’ discourse and decision making for governing the conduct of future public discourse is presented. This inquiry assists in re-establishing SSM as a rigorous and reflexive approach to analysing a complex issue and for enhancing collective learning into its content and process.     

曲线合成孔径雷达信号模型与孔径形状研究

基于曲线合成孔径雷达原理与空间几何关系,讨论了曲线合成孔径雷达信号模型与成像方法,推导出目标的一维及二维信号模型,并将其扩展到三维空间。考虑到不同的曲线孔径形状将对方位分辨率和高度分辨率有不同影响,详细研究了各种不同形状的曲线孔径,给出了各自的优缺点和适用条件。结论是,上下、左右对称的孔径形状较不对称的效果更优,L型孔径将导致很高的旁瓣。仿真实验结果对真实飞行航迹具有指导作用。     

Storying Systems: Managing Everyday Flux Using Mode 2 Soft Systems Methodology

This paper examines work with managers who used a narrative approach to systemic thinking. Storytelling is incorporated within Mode 2 SSM involving a flexible approach to the analysis of complex or "messy" situations at work. Mode 2 SSM is presented as a thinking mode by those within the problem situation, involving the use of various devices of rich pictures, relevant systems, and root definitions, whereby managers and others may make sense of their experiences from within the flux of everyday life. The focus of the approach is learning through reflection on events and activities to consider potential actions and improvements in difficult situations. The findings show the initial difficulty and disappointment of learning to deal with complexity and the unexpected but how quickly the "gain outweighs the pain," as managers learned to attune themselves to the flux of situations, to identify how to work with flows and energies more creatively, and to become conscious of what was happening on the edge of awareness.     

基于条件信息的因子定价模型及其实证研究

本文构建了基于条件信息的因子定价模型,并运用基于GMM(generalized method ofmoments)估计的实证框架对此模型进行实证研究.实证结果显示:1.条件定价模型确实在定价中确实加工了条件信息;2.预测性越强的条件信息变量对定价越起到决定性作用;3.各国代表性投资者对条件信息的理解存在差异,但整体来说跨期对冲原理和动态策略原理两种条件信息使用方法在定价中的重要性持平;4.与其他西方发达国家相比,中国条件信息变量对债券回报率的预测能力和方向存在较大偏差,且经济体系受到全球经济衰退的影响较小.在定价模型中合理使用条件信息有助于更好地解释债券回报率中的风险溢价补偿关系,而对条件定价研究也是金融经济学中极具前途的一个发展方向.     

Transforming Self and Society: A "Critical Appreciation" Model

This paper sets out to uncover some relationships between reflection, discourse and action. By challenging and synthesizing some polemical arguments concerning the creation, maintenance, and transformation of self and society, a model of self-society dynamics that operates through reflection, discourse, and action is developed. The model of self-society dynamics brings together aspects of self-reflection and ideology-critique (explored in the paper), which it is suggested are required for any intervention (transformative action) to be grounded in locally meaningful ways. By creating a dialog community in which self- and group assumptions can be subjected to validation through discourse, it is proposed that a dynamic balance between individual needs and broader societal aims may be achieved. If individuals can be open to such discourse (i.e., they can become critically self-reflective), then it is argued that possibilities for achieving sustainable change will be significantly enhanced.     

基于适应度分组的进化策略

一般的进化策略都采用选择子代中最好的一部分个体替代原来的父代个体进入下一代进化,这样使那些相对劣的个体没有机会进入以后的进化过程。但每一个个体都有优良的一面,它们都有可能进化成最优解。鉴于此,根据每代群体的平均适应度将种群分为两部分:优势种群和劣势种群。父代个体以一定的比例在两组中选取,这样使劣质个体也有机会参加到进化中。仿真结果表明该方法对求解优化问题是有效的。