粉煤灰掺量与砂浆强度和水化参量的关系

对水胶比为0.15,I级粉煤灰掺量分别占胶凝材料总量（质量分数）为0,0.20,0.30,0.45和0.55的砂浆试样,经标准养护（d)7,28,90,180和365时的抗压强度、浆体非蒸发水量和CH含量,进行了系统测试,试验数据经回归分析,发现粉煤灰掺量与砂浆抗压强度、非蒸发水量和CH含量之间,分别存在很好的线性相关关系,从中,可以定量研究在不同的粉煤灰掺量和养护龄期时,粉煤灰效应对大掺量粉煤灰水泥基材料的力学性能和水化进程的影响规律。     

高温养护对复合胶凝材料水化程度及微观形貌的影响

采取对化学结合水含量和粉煤灰反应程度的测定、形貌观察和能谱测试等手段对高温养护制度下复合胶凝材料水化程度及硬化浆体微观形貌进行研究.研究结果表明:高温养护的热激发作用增强了粉煤灰的火山灰活性,显著提高了早龄期体系的水化程度,而且能使粉煤灰颗粒表面产生更多水化产物,促使浆体结构更加致密;但高温养护对C-S-H凝胶钙硅质量比(钙硅比)的影响不显著,而且对后期浆体水化程度的提高以及微观结构的改善无较大贡献.     

粉煤灰水泥硬化浆体物理-化学性质初探

本文研究了不同熟料组成的粉煤灰水泥水化3天、7天和28天硬化浆体的ζ电位、非蒸发水(Wn)、电导率(λ)、浆体悬浮液的pH值和试体的强度,并用TG热分析估算了浆体中Ca(OH)_2含量;同时讨论了粉煤灰水泥硬化浆体的物理化学性能与水化时间的关系,以及硬化浆体中粉煤灰的火山灰活性。     

钢渣粉和钢渣水泥的活性及水化机理研究

利用X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜、化学结合水量测定以及胶砂实验等方法研究了钢渣粉和钢渣水泥复合粉的活性和水化机理,研究结果表明:钢渣硬化浆体中的矿物组成含有水化产物C-S-H凝胶和Ca(OH)2,钢渣残余矿物C2F、Ca2(Fe,Al)2O5、CaCO3和RO相,和一些未反应的胶凝矿物C2S和C3S;钢渣、水泥和钢渣-水泥浆体三者的水化产物种类类似,微观结构形貌存在差异;14 d后掺钢渣水泥净浆试样的化学结合水量与水泥差距缩小,28 d后化学结合水量实测值大于计算值;钢渣掺量(质量分数)小于30%时,钢渣水泥胶砂的28 d强度高于水泥胶砂的28 d强度。     

硫酸钠掺量对中性钠盐粉煤灰水泥水化程度和抗压强度的影响机理

通过测试不同硫酸钠掺量(0,2%,4%和6%)在不同龄期(3,7,28和56d)下中性钠盐粉煤灰水泥(NSFC)的抗压强度,研究标准养护下硫酸钠掺量对NSFC抗压强度的影响.通过XRD、SEM、孔结构和NMR等试验分析NSFC水化产物的种类和形貌、孔结构分布、净浆孔溶液pH值以及NSFC中普通硅酸盐水泥和粉煤灰的反应程度,揭示硫酸钠掺量对其水化程度和抗压强度的影响机理.研究表明,当硫酸钠掺量小于4%时,NSFC的碱性随硫酸钠掺量的增大而增强,粉煤灰在强碱环境中水化反应加速,C-S-H、钙矾石等生成量增加,有害孔和多害孔减少,微观结构变得密实,胶空比增大,抗压强度增大;当硫酸钠掺量增加到6%时,过量的钙矾石胀裂孔隙,有害孔和多害孔反而增加,胶空比减小,抗压强度减小.     

低水胶比对复合胶凝体系水化特性和动力学影响研究

低水胶比复合胶凝体系的水化机理和水化行为较普通水胶比胶凝体系存在一定差异,该条件下传统的水化结论往往不再适用.以不同低水胶比水泥-粉煤灰-矿渣复合胶凝体系为研究对象,通过测试净浆试件7d水化热,结合水化动力学模型探明了低水胶比、矿物掺合料掺量对其水化行为和水化机理的影响,并通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了低水胶比复合胶凝体系的水化产物差异.研究结果表明：水胶比为0.2、粉煤灰-矿渣复掺量小于50%时,复合胶凝体系早期和后期的放热速率无明显差异,此时复掺粉煤灰-矿渣对水泥水化存在一定促进作用,当水胶比增至0.25和0.3时,复掺粉煤灰-矿渣在10～17h抑制了水泥水化;当水胶比由0.3降低至0.2时,胶凝体系最大放热速率呈增大趋势,且水化过程由NG-I-D改变为NG-D,不再经历相边界反应;水化至28d时,水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)的形貌随着水胶比的降低,由纤维状向球状转变.     

激发剂对粉煤灰水泥胶凝材料水化性能的影响

用结全水量、三甲基硅烷化--气相色谱、差热分析和Ｘ射线衍射等方法研究了激发剂对偻煤灰水泥胶凝材料水化性能的影响,发现激发剂能加快粉煤灰水泥胶凝材料的水化速度再水化,使粉煤灰先解聚再水化,粉煤灰中单掺激发剂,水化反映难以进行,激发剂对粉煤灰水泥胶凝材料的水化产物种类影响不大。     

水泥改性乳化沥青混凝土力学性能与微观机理

研究了不同水泥用量对乳化沥青混凝土的抗压强度和抗压回弹模量、抗折强度和抗折回弹模量等力学参数的影响.使用红外光谱、X衍射和扫描电子显微镜,研究了水泥乳化沥青胶浆以及混凝土界面的微观结构特征.结果表明,加入水泥后,乳化混凝土力学参数有较大提高,并随着水泥用量增加而增大;水泥与乳化沥青之间没有发生明显的化学反应;水泥与乳化沥青中的水相发生了水化反应,水化产物与水泥在水中的水化产物相同;呈网状的水化产物与沥青通过物理复合形成的水泥沥青胶浆,增大了沥青胶浆的粘度,改善了胶浆与集料界面的粘结,提高了混凝土的力学性能.     

水泥乳化沥青复合胶浆微观结构特征

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)和电子能谱(EDXA)等微观试验手段,对由不同粉胶比(质量比)、不同类型水泥和不同岩性填料构成的水泥乳化沥青复合胶浆进行研究,给出复合胶浆微观结构特征.结果表明:水泥乳化沥青复合胶浆由沥青包裹的矿粉与未水化水泥组成的粒状颗粒和纤维状水泥水化产物水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶、晶状氢氧化钙(CH)等构成;粒状颗粒、C-S-H凝胶和自由沥青相互交织,构成一种空间网络结构;当粉胶比为1.1时,胶浆表面C-S-H凝胶较多,胶浆结构致密,孔隙分布均匀;不同粉胶比复合胶浆中,各有机基团之间或与无机化合物间没有新键生成;石灰岩矿粉、较高强度水泥以及合理的粉胶比有利于复合胶浆微观结构的改善.     

石膏对阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥水化程度及浆体组成的影响

利用前期合成的阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥,应用XRD、SEM-EDS等研究了随石膏掺量的改变对新型胶凝材料阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥水化程度及水化浆体组成的影响.研究结果表明:随石膏掺量增加,水化浆体的水化程度大致趋势是先增加后降低;阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥最佳铝硫比为1.0/1.0,此时硬化浆体在标准稠度加水量下1d、3d和28d龄期的水化程度分别达到48.3%、57.6%和75.3%.XRD及SEM-EDS分析表明在最佳铝硫比1d、3d龄期时水化产物就已大量形成,结构致密.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.