渐尖叶粉花绣线菊中连翘脂素的分离与鉴定

对中药渐尖叶粉花绣线菊的化学成分进行系统研究.将干燥的渐尖叶粉花绣线菊全草用95％乙醇加热回流提取3次,每次3 h,提取液减压回收得到1.2 kg浸膏.用0.1mol·L-1的盐酸调节浸膏pH为2～3,分别用石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取,得到石油醚层萃取物和乙酸乙酯层萃取物.用浓氨水分别调节萃取物pH为9～10,然后用二氯甲烷萃取,得二氯甲烷萃取物.二氯甲烷萃取物先后经硅胶柱和ODS硅胶柱进行化合物的分离和纯化,根据其理化性质和光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构.首次从渐尖叶粉花绣线菊中鉴定出木脂素类化合物连翘脂素.     

甘草中黄豆黄苷的分离鉴定及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

 为掌握甘草中化合物的类型及确定药效成分,对甘草中化学成分进行分析研究。采用超声波方法提取甘草,对甘草水提液进行石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取,通过硅胶柱色谱分离乙酸乙酯萃取物,采用高效液相色谱、红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱进行结构分析鉴定,并对分离产物进行α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率测定,计算IC₅₀值。经结构鉴定,从甘草的乙酸乙酯萃取物中得到1 个异黄酮类化合物黄豆黄苷。该化合物为首次从甘草属植物中得到。体外检测表明,该化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC₅₀为0.5646 mg·mL^-1,抑制活性高于对照组阿卡波糖。     

瑞香狼毒根中抑菌活性成分的研究

研究了瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasmeL.)对病原真菌石膏样毛癣菌的抑制作用,并对其活性成分进行了分离纯化.采用无水乙醇浸提瑞香狼毒根粉,并用不同极性溶剂进行依次萃取,结果表明乙酸乙酯萃取物具有较强的抑菌活性,其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为312.5mg.L-1.然后采用硅胶柱对乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分段柱层析,并结合活性跟踪获得一高活性化合物,其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为9.8mg.L-1.     

中药连翘体外抗氧化作用的研究

本文采用活性跟踪组分（bioassay-linked fractionation）方法确定连翘中的有效部位.用二苯代苦味肼基自由基[1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH）]消除实验及SIN-1诱导肾上皮细胞LLC-PK1氧化损伤的保护实验方法,对连翘的甲醇提取物及其二氯甲烷、正丁醇和水的萃取物进行抗氧化作用评价.结果从连翘的正丁醇萃取物和二氯甲烷萃取物具有很强的抗DPPH自由基的抗氧化活性,其半数有效值IC50分别为79.69和27.75μg/mL.尤其是二氯甲烷萃取物具有最强的抗氧化活性（P〈0.05）.而且这两个有效部位浓度依赖性地恢复因SIN-1处理而降低的细胞生存能力（P〈0.01）,进而说明它们对细胞氧化损伤起到保护作用.     

茯苓化学成分及生理活性研究

1:利用PC12细胞测定生理活性,以萃取物的生理活性为导向,采用硅胶柱色谱和高效液相色谱法分离纯化茯苓的Me OH提取物中的活性成分,并通过光谱数据解析对化合物进行结构鉴定。分离得到了7个羊毛甾烷型三萜化合物,分别为多孔蕈酸C(1),去氢松苓酸(2),茯苓酸(3)氢化松苓酸(4)去氢松苓酸甲酯(5)去氢茯苓酸(6)和土莫酸(7)。化合物1,2,5~7在0.3~30.0μM浓度范围内,对神经生长因子诱导的PC12细胞显示出神经伸展促进活性。同时,构效关系讨论结果表明7位和9位上连接的二烯键是这类化合物显示活性的关键基团。     

药用植物松塔的化学成分研究

目的：对松科（Pinaceae）华山松（Pinu sarmandii Franch．）松塔的化学成分进行研究，以期寻找活性成分。方法：松塔的乙醇冷浸提取浸膏，依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取，分别得到石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇的萃取物。氯仿和正丁醇萃取物用正、反相色谱法，MCI、Pharmadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱法和HPLC法分离，分离得到6个化合物。结果：根据理化性质和利用NMR、ESI—MS等波谱技术鉴定化合物结构，鉴定了其中的4个化合物：异海松烷（Ⅰ）；Dehydroabietic acid（Ⅱ）；β-谷甾醇（Ⅲ）；β-胡萝卜苷（Ⅳ）。结论：其中化合物Ⅰ～Ⅱ为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

旋覆花化学成分研究

通过提取、分离等实验手段对菊科植物旋覆花(Inula japonica Thunb)干燥头状花序的化学成分进行研究,寻找旋覆花中有效成分.对旋覆花乙酸乙酯萃取物采用硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)、反相硅胶等柱色谱层析技术进行分离纯化,最终得到单体化合物.从旋覆花提取物中分离纯化得到6个高氧化度倍半萜类化合物,其中化合物1、3和6为首次从该种中分离得到.     

紫茎泽兰提取物抑制食源性致病菌的研究

用黄芪,苦参,狼毒提取物为阳性对照对紫茎泽兰提取物进行抑菌活性比较.并利用液液萃取、色谱法对紫荆泽兰醇提物进行分离精制.结果表明,紫茎泽兰醇提物具有明显抑菌效果,且效果优于狼毒提取物和黄芪提取物;对紫茎泽兰醇提物进行分离精制及抑菌试验,结果显示其乙酸乙酯萃取物柱层析组分SF4-2抑菌活性最强,能显著抑制沙门氏菌, 蜡样芽孢杆菌, 金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌生长, 可用于食源性抗菌制剂的开发利用.     

草珊瑚内生真菌SgG4抗植物病原真菌的活性物质研究

对草珊瑚内生真菌卷曲木霉Trichoderma spirale SgG4抗植物病原真菌的活性物质进行研究。采用菌丝生长速率法对SgG4发酵产物进行抑菌活性测定,采用硅胶柱层析法并结合活性追踪对发酵产物的活性萃取物进行活性物质分离纯化,运用核磁共振谱和质谱技术对活性化合物进行结构鉴定。结果表明,抗菌活性物质主要存在于发酵产物的乙酸乙酯萃取物中,该萃取物对13种植物病原真菌均有较好的抑制活性,EC₅₀值为0.000 2～2.475 7 g/L,其中对甘蔗凤梨病菌的抑制活性最好。从发酵产物的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离出1个抑菌活性化合物,鉴定为木霉酸(trichoderma acid)。木霉酸在0.1 g/L时,对13种植物病原真菌均有抑制作用,其中对茶轮斑病菌、烟草黑胫病菌、甘蔗凤梨病菌和白绢病菌的抑菌率为100%,对其余9种植物病原真菌的抑菌率为21.43%～85.71%。可见,木霉酸的抑菌活性较好且抗菌谱广,在微生物源杀菌剂方面具有较好的开发应用前景。     

瑞香狼毒对东亚飞蝗作用机理的初步研究

利用硅胶柱分离瑞香狼毒乙酸乙酯萃取物得到Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ段粗分物,并测定对东亚飞蝗毒杀活性最高的I段粗分物对东亚飞蝗的致死性及对其体内Na~+-K~+-ATPase、Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATPase、乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性.研究表明:瑞香狼毒I段粗分物对东亚飞蝗具有较强的毒杀作用,在药物浓度为10mg/mL、72h对东亚飞蝗的校正死亡率为92.50%;同时,毒杀作用具有浓度和时间依赖性;而且瑞香狼毒乙酸乙酯萃取物I段粗分物对上述3种酶均有一定的抑制作用,且对Na~+-K~+-ATPase的抑制作用最强,在药物浓度为5mg/mL、96h对Na~+-K~+-ATPase的抑制率为40.38%;分析发现瑞香狼毒活性成分对东亚飞蝗的毒杀作用与对Na~+-K~+-ATPase的抑制作用之间具有显著相关性,据此推测,Na~+-K~+-ATPase可能是瑞香狼毒活性成分的主要作用靶标之一.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to