论地理环境观念的变迁

人类地理知识的增多与文明民族的历史活动是分不开的,而人对自身与地理环境之间关系的认识,与生产力和科学技术发展水平密切相关。人与环境之间有着微妙的因果关系,根据自然的挑战和人类的应战、人类的努力和自然的回报的形式不同,不同的民族建立了不同的文明体系。     

社会生产力系统初探

社会这个巨大系统是由许多不同层次的子系统或分系统,如生产力系统、生产关系系统、生产方式系统、上层建筑系统和社会意识形态系统,等等构成的。其中生产力系统是社会的基础系统。它本身也是一个多层次的结构,经历了从简单到复杂的发展过程。所以我们用系统的观点、历史的观点去考察生产力,或许能比较科学地确定其内涵和外延,看清它的内部联系和反馈过程,指明哪些东西属于生产力的哪个层次。 生产力表示的是人与自然界的关系,是人类认识自然和改造自然的能力。人与自然界发生关系主要是通过劳动,而劳动必须有若干条件,按马克思的意见就是:…     

简论邓小平的生产力标准思想

邓小平的生产力标准思想,是历史唯物主义关于生产力在社会进步中起最终决定作用的原理在科学尺度和价值尺度统一上的科学表达。是在新的历史时期,对毛泽东生产力标准思想的全面发展。 一、发展生产力是马克思主义的基本原则 马克思主义从来就认为,社会生产方式即生产力与生产关系的矛盾运动,是推动人类社会不断进步和发展的根本原因,而生产力作为最活跃、最革命的因素则是社会发展的最终动力和决定因素。因此,从马克思到列宁都十分强调社会主义要发展生产力。新中国成立后,毛泽东多次阐述了发展生产力的重要意义。指出:“社会主义     

对生产力概念的再认识

生产力作为人们征服、改造自然的能力，除了传统的“三要素”构成外，还可理解为“两要素”构成，即把生产力理解为人与物的结合，这样能够更准确地说明生产力对生产关系的决定作用。首先，生产关系的技术性质－生产的组织、规模等是由不同时期的人与物的结合状况决定的；其次，生产关系的社会性质－生产资料的所有制、分配等，从根本上说也是由人与物的结合所决定的。劳动者是能动的，劳动资料和劳动对象相对于劳动者来说是被动的。     

生产力范畴的辩证解析

在历史唯物主义的理论格局下．人们一方面确认生产力决定生产关系．经济基础决定上层建筑的模式，并由此模式认为生产力是处于社会最低层的独立实体．人类的全部生活就奠基于这个实体之上。另一方面又把生产力定义为“人类征服自然，改造自然，从自然界中获取物资资料的能力，这里所谓“能力”应理解为人类的一种实际能力、现实力量。以现代系统观的观点审视，     

人地关系和山区经济发展

人与自然的关系是地理学永恒的课题。在地理学的发展历史中,出现过不同的思想和学说,即所谓的“人地观”,比较流行的有:认为地理环境是文化社会发展的决定因素的地理环境决定论,或简称决定论;认为“无定足以胜人,人定也足以胜天”的或然论;“控制和征服自然”的征服论;以及本世纪60年代以来,全球的人口、资源、环境压力增加,生态危机加剧,使人类再也不能忽视大自然对人类不负责任行为的报复,于是出现了强调人与自然相互依存的协调论。这几种主要的人地观,不仅代表了地理学家对地理环境认识的发展和深化,同时也成为不同时期人们对世界整体认识的一个部分,成为一种社会思潮。我国山区环境恶化、经济发展落后,这与过去一段时期,我们对人与环境的关系缺乏正确认识不无关系。     

生产方式是社会形态的基础

马克思认为社会形态的内部结构一般可分为三个最基本的层次,即生产力、生产关系、上层建筑。其中,生产关系是中心环节。它一方面与生产力构成一对基本矛盾,另一方面又作为经济基础与上层建筑构成一对基本矛盾。这两对基本矛盾组成了一个完整统一的社会形态。在社会形态中,不仅具有上层建筑和经济基础的对立统一,而且具有生产关系和生产力的对立统一,而这后一个对立统一更加重要。因为生产关系与生产力构成的生产方式决定     

评哈贝马斯的历史唯物主义重建理论

哈贝马斯用劳动和交往行为、系统和生活世界取代了马克思的生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑作为社会发展的两对基本矛盾;用道德实践意识取代了马克思提出的生产方式作为决定社会进化的主要动力和划分社会发展阶段的主要标准。哈贝马斯在对马克思思想的理解上有失偏颇,他对历史唯物主义的重建实质上就是要用交往行为理论取代马克思建筑在生产力和生产关系辩证关系基础之上的社会发展理论。     

论对生产力生产关系规律的误解及其后果——试析毛泽东晚年失误的理论根源

毛泽东晚年一连串“左”倾错误其理论根源在于对“生产关系一定要适应生产力规律”这一马克思主义基本原理的理解偏差。他片面强调生产力中人的因素;脱离生产力基础谈生产关系的优越性;把特定国情条件下生产关系建立在落后生产力基础上的特殊现象普遍化;认为社会主义本质就是公有制,坚持社会主义就是坚持公有制;认为威胁社会主义制度的不是生产力,而是被不断夸大的敌对阶级,而巩固社会主义的主要手段就只能是阶级斗争。     

评哈贝马斯的历史唯物主义重建理论

哈贝马斯用劳动和交往行为、系统和生活世界取代了马克思的生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑作为社会发展的两对基本矛盾;用道德实践意识取代了马克思提出的生产方式作为决定社会进化的主要动力和划分社会发展阶段的主要标准。哈贝马斯在对马克思思想的理解上有失偏颇,他对历史唯物主义的重建实质上就是要用交往行为理论取代马克思建筑在生产力和生产关系辩证关系基础之上的社会发展理论。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to