基于灰色Elman-NN模型的粮食产量预测与分析

设计灰色Elman神经网络预测模型,用于陕西地区人均粮食占有量及粮食单产量数据的预测与分析。根据神经网络能有效修正灰色预测模型的思路,设计灰色Elman神经网络预测模型。在对陕西地区人均粮食占有量及粮食单产量数据进行分析的基础上,建立灰色GM(1,1)模型,并利用Elman神经网络对粮食单产量数据预测模型进行残差修正。所设计的Elman-NN组合模型效果及预测精度优于单一的灰色预测模型。组合预测模型可用于农业及粮食产量领域的预测,为政府制定、实施农业经济政策提供科学依据。     

基于GA-Elman神经网络的交通流短时预测方法

以单断面的交通流量为研究对象,采用动态Elman神经网络进行短时交通流量的预测,提出一种基于GA-Elman神经网络的交通流短时预测方法.该方法通过遗传算法优化Elman神经网络的权值和阈值,克服了Elman神经网络易陷入局部最小的缺陷,同时提高了Elman神经网络的泛化能力和预测精度.实验仿真表明,本文方法可用于城市快速路上预测实时交通流量,预测效果优于Elman、GA-BP预测模型.     

基于EEMD和改进Elman神经网络的地球变化磁场短时预测

针对地球变化磁场时间序列的混沌特性,提出了一种集成经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)和改进Elman神经网络的地球变化磁场预测模型.首先,利用EEMD将非平稳的地球变化磁场时间序列分解为一系列具有不同特征尺度的本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF);然后,针对每一个IMF分别建立改进Elman神经网络模型,选择各自适合的最优模型参数;最后,以地磁台站实测的地球变化磁场数据为研究对象,并与基于单一Elman神经网络预测模型相比较,结果表明,EEMD-改进Elman神经网络模型的预测值能紧跟地球变化磁场的变化趋势,且明显优于基于单一Elman神经网络的模型,体现出更好的预测效果.在地磁Kp3时,预测3h平均绝对误差为1.74nT.     

基于Elman型神经网络的空调负荷预测模型

空调系统的负荷与诸多影响因素之间是一种多变量、强耦合、严重非线性的关系，且这种关系具有动态性，因而传统方法的预测精度不高，而动态回归神经网络能更生动、更直接地反映系统的动态特性。针对这个特点，建立了基于Elman型神经网络的空调负荷预测模型，并进行了实例预测。文中还比较了Elman网络和BP终结建模效果，仿真实验证明了Elman神经网络具有动态特性好、逼近速度快、精度高等特点，说明Elman网络是一种新颖、可靠的负荷预测方法。     

基于Elman神经网络的时间序列股票价格短期预测

Elman神经网络是一种典型的回归神经网络,比BP神经网络具有更强的计算和适应时变特性的能力,因而非常适用于预测股市这一类极其复杂的非线性动力学系统。文章给出一种基于Elman神经网络的股票市场建模、预测及决策方法,对浦发银行股价在时间序列上作了连续若干天的短期预测,实验结果取得较高的预测精度、较为稳定的预测效果和较快的收敛速度。这表明该预测模型对于个股价格的短期预测是可行和有效的。     

基于Elman组合预测模型的瓦斯涌出量预测

为提高矿井瓦斯涌出量的预测精度,基于Elman回归神经网络原理,以指数型线性回归、双曲线型线性回归及灰色预测三种方法得到的瓦斯涌出量预测值为样本数据,建立Elman组合预测模型,并利用MATLAB软件进行预测。结果表明,Elman组合预测结果的拟合曲线更接近实际情况。该模型有效提高了瓦期涌出量的预测精度,为煤矿安全生产提供了理论支持。     

基于改进Elman神经网络的烟气轮机运行状态趋势预测

为提高烟气轮机状态趋势预测的精度,提出一种改进Elman神经网络的趋势预测方法。首先,引入以四分位数和四分位距为基础的箱线图方法判别异常值,并对缺失的数据进行插补,为状态趋势预测提供可靠的全数据序列;其次,根据设备运行状态数据序列具有的时间依存性,计算数据序列不同时延的相关程度,以相关系数最大值点对应的时延为最优预测步长;最后构建三层最优预测步长Elman神经网络对烟气轮机运行状态全数序列进行趋势预测实例分析。研究结果表明,箱线图法能够简捷快速、直观明了地判别异常值;邻近点中位数插补方法更贴近原始数据分布规律,为最优插补方法;相较其他预测步长的Elman神经网络预测方法,最优预测步长的预测误差最小、预测精度最高;同时,Elman神经网络最优预测步长方法的预测误差较BP、RBF神经网络更小、预测精度更高。改进Elman神经网络趋势预测方法能够为烟气轮机的状态趋势预测提供一种有效的预测方法,该方法还可应用于其他关键设备的趋势预测中。     

基于Elman神经网络的污染源数据预测

为了给环境保护决策提供有价值的预测数据,提出利用Elman神经网络建立污染源数据预测模型的方法,以大气中的主要污染物SO2为例,用预测模型表征SO2的浓度和气温、相对湿度、风速、时间等影响因子及其历史数据之间的复杂关系.使用训练后的模型对数据进行模拟仿真,结果表明所建立模型的计算输出值与实际样本数据有着较好的一致性,模型预测效果优于基于BP神经网络的预测模型.     

基于相空间重构及Elman网络的停车泊位数据预测

针对停车诱导系统（PGIS）中短时空余停车泊位时间序列数据预测问题，提出应用相空间重构与Elman神经网络相结合的方法来进行预测．首先分析了相空间重构的技术原理，在此基础上导出时间序列预测模型，并以Elman神经网络训练模拟该模型．介绍了相空间重构与Elman神经网络相结合的预测方法的具体实现过程与步骤，提出了短时空余停车泊位数据的预测效果评价指标．通过预测实例表明，该方法用于停车诱导系统中短时空余停车泊位数据的预测具有较好的预测准确性和有效性．     

高速钻削复合材料加工参数对粗糙度影响研究

文章研究了碳纤维复合材料高速钻削过程中主轴转速、进给量和刀具刀尖角对孔壁表面粗糙度的影响,建立了孔壁表面粗糙度BP神经网络预测模型。结果表明:粗糙度随主轴转速的增加先增大后逐渐减小,在主轴转速为8 500r/min时,孔壁表面粗糙度最大;在进给量小于0.1mm/r,粗糙度随进给量增大而增大,关系曲线呈一阶线性关系,在进给量增大到0.1mm/r后趋于平稳;孔壁粗糙度随着钻头刀尖角的增大而逐渐减小。构建BP神经网络模型对孔壁表面粗糙度进行预测,得到的结果与实验结果基本一致,表明其可以有效地预测孔壁表面粗糙度的变化。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to