近800年来南桥乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛的海平面变化

分析了南极菲尔德斯半岛西北部地质湾海拔２．８ｍ的海滩沉积剖面,运用其上下层沉积的浅海底栖褐藻＾１４Ｃ年龄与现代属褐藻体＾１４Ｃ年龄内差的方法,消除了南极海源有机碳＾１４Ｃ年龄的老化问题,从而建立了菲尔德斯半岛地区近８００ａ来的海平面变化序列,结果表明：８００ａＢＰ～２３０ａＢＰ间海平面上升７８ｃｍ,其上升速率为０．１３６ｃｍ·ａ＾－１,近２３０ａ来海平面上升约１６ｃｍ,其上升速率为０．０７ｃｍ·ａ     

南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛近2500年来的海平面变化

在考察南极菲尔德斯半岛自然环境特征的基础上,分析了半岛西北部地质湾海滩沉积剖面中的同种浅海底栖褐藻(Halymenia sp)的 14 C年龄,即15～17cm层褐藻 14 C年龄为(885±70)a、92～95cm层褐藻 14 C年龄为(1440±75)a、现代褐藻14 C年龄为(695±70)a,并利用不同时段褐藻 14 C年龄内差法消除了南极海源有机碳的14 C年龄老化问题;分析了地质湾海拔6.84m的海岸低阶地上残留古湖相硅藻沉积层的 14 C年龄为(2430±75)a.从而建立了研究区近2500a海平面变化系列:在公元前4～13世纪初海平面相对快速下降,其速率为0.31cm/a;在13世纪初～18世纪中期海平面相对上升的速率为0.14cm/a;自18世纪中期以来海平面相对上升的速率为0.07cm/a.     

Lambert冰川流域物质平衡和南极冰盖变化

对Lambert冰川流域的现场考察资料和浅冰芯研究结果显示,该流域东侧和西侧积累速率分布和过去几十年的变化具有明显差异:东侧平均积累速率较西侧高;近50年东侧处于增加状态,西侧则为明显减小.冰量平衡计算表明,该冰川流域目前处于物质正平衡状态,因而冰盖将趋于增厚.据现有资料估计分析,整个南极冰盖处于微弱负平衡.如果南极地区气候变暖,物质平衡将向正平衡方向发展,因而不会引起海平面上升.但是西南极冰盖的不稳定性可能随气候持续变暖而增强,成为引起海平面上升的最重要潜在因素.     

科技事件

中国沿海海平面有所升高国家海洋局新公布的数据显示,近30年来,中国沿海海平面总体上升了9cm;到2050年,中国沿海海平面还将比2000年上升13～22cm。     

南极菲尔德斯半岛浮游硅藻的生物多样性及水体质量分析

为了研究南极菲尔德斯半岛浮游硅藻的多样性,丰富南极硅藻研究的数据,中国第30次南极科考团于2013年12月至2014年1月在该半岛设置了10个采样点,进行了定量(600 m L)采样,并利用硅藻多样性指数和均匀度指数等指标对其水质进行了评价。研究结果表明,共鉴定出浮游硅藻75种,未鉴定出11种。硅藻总细胞密度为1.64×10~5~2.06×10~5ind/L,平均细胞密度为1.85×10~5ind/L。优势种为极细舟形藻(Navicula perminuta)、冰川舟形藻(Navicula glaciei)、南极楔形藻(Licmophora antarctica)、南极海链藻(Thalassiosira antarctica)、Pseudogomphonema kamtschaticum、碎片菱形藻(Nitzschia frustulum)和Thalassiosira cf.maculata共7种,平均优势度为0.06。多样性指数的变化范围为1.33~2.13,平均值为1.60。均匀度指数变化在0.48~0.76之间,平均值为0.58。因此,南极菲尔德斯半岛浮游硅藻的生物多样性较好,该地区水体质量总体为β-中污,贫营养状态。     

红树林碳埋藏过程对海平面上升、气候变化和人类活动的响应

红树林具有很高的初级生产力和沉积速率,能够在沉积过程中埋藏封存大量有机碳,在全球碳循环中扮演着重要角色。本文总结有关红树林碳埋藏特征和沉积过程对气候变化、海平面上升和人类活动响应的相关文献研究。红树林土壤碳埋藏储量主要取决于红树林根系分布深度,碳埋藏速率则主要受沉积速率控制。全球变暖导致亚热带冬季低温事件减少,以及降雨量的增多,都会促进红树林扩张,有利于红树林碳埋藏。在短期内,海平面上升可以通过增加滩面沉积速率和有机碳含量的方式,达到保持或提高红树林碳埋藏速率的效果。但是从长期来看,不断增加的海平面上升速率会对泥沙供应较少或潮差较小地区的红树林造成严重威胁。人类的不合理活动则会造成红树林面积和碳埋藏储量的大幅减少。因此,为保护红树林并发挥其碳库潜力,应采取有效措施保证红树林沉积的物源供给,以维持红树林滩面高程增加速率,并在适宜地区进行人工红树林栽种。     

长江下游巢湖湖泊沉积物的粒度特征与沉积环境

在巢湖取得3个有代表性的沉积物柱样,用激光粒度仪对其进行粒度分析,并用137Cs法测定了沉积速率.结果表明,沉积物的粒度特征随着湖区的水动力条件的波动而发生有规律的变化.近百年来湖区的沉积环境基本上比较稳定,C1、C2和C3三个研究区的沉积速率分别为0.29cm/a,0.35cm/a和0.24cm/a.根据粒度和沉积速率特征,两百多年来,巢湖存在两个洪水期和两个平水期,这些变化与巢湖自然环境和人类活动有着密切关系.     

南黄海辐射沙脊群大北槽东沙沉积物地球化学特征及沉积模式研究

根据南黄海辐射沙脊群大北槽东沙07SR03钻孔的沉积相及沉积物中的δ13 C和C/N特征,来研究晚更新世以来大北槽东沙地区海平面波动和沉积模式.07SR03孔AMS14 C测年得到钻孔年龄自深到浅处于(41420±615)~(5630±50)14C yrB.P..沉积相中主要以砂,粉砂和黏土为主,以粉砂居多.沉积物的δ13 C处于-26.504‰~-21.812‰之间,C/N为0.045~64.156,表现出大北槽东沙地区的晚更新世以来陆海交互作用显著,在07SR03孔的18~20m和55.6~70m均出现了δ13 C高值区,认为是陆地C4植物的有机质沉积影响,与冰期海退情况相符.研究南黄海大北槽区域晚更新世以来的海平面波动变化,40kaB.P.以来海侵海退交替,20kaB.P.左右迎来末次盛冰期,海平面降至-100m左右,之后气候回暖,海平面逐渐升高,12kaB.P.新仙女木期间小幅度海退,随后进入全新世海侵时期,经过海平面迅速升高后,海平面缓慢下降并趋于稳定.综合07SR03钻孔沉积相信息和有机质地球化学指标δ13 C和C/N,将大北槽东沙晚更新世以来自下而上的沉积分为河流相→潮滩相→陆地硬粘土相→潮滩相→滨岸相→近代潮流沙脊相的沉积模式.     

日喀则群沉积厚度、沉积速率及剥蚀速率

通过对日喀则弧前盆地日喀则群沉积的详细研究,对日喀则群的沉积厚度、沉积速率做了近似的计算.日喀则群现今保存下来的厚度平均为3 000 m,恢复其原始沉积厚度为4 800 m,从而计算得出沉积速率为34 cm/ka(未脱压校正值为22 cm/ka),主沉积期的沉积速率为308 cm/ka(未脱压校正);并且与其他几个白垩纪同类盆地进行对比,得出白垩纪此类盆地发育过程中,沉积速率的平均值为27.75 cm/ka.根据近似恢复的弧前盆地和剥蚀区的范围,计算得出沉积盆地沉积物充填总量最小90 750 km3,最大137 500 km3;物源区剥蚀速率最小0.1 mm/a,最大0.45 mm/a.     

海平面上升对广西珍珠港红树林分布的影响

以广西珍珠港的遥感影像为底图,综合考虑相对海平面变化、地表沉积及海堤分布,利用平均潮位、平均大潮高潮位数据,借助SRTM数字高程模型,预测未来100 a海平面上升低、中、高3种模式下研究区红树林的分布.结果表明:(1)预测年研究区的红树林向陆边界保持稳定,向海边界向海方向移动,红树林的分布面积增加.绝对海平面上升低、中、高3种模式下,红树林向海边界分别向海推进70、56、46 m,面积分别增加280、225、187 hm2;(2)红树林的向陆边界由于海堤的阻碍保持稳定,红树林的向海边界因沉积速率大于相对海平面上升速率而向海扩展.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.