三维非正交未知量子态的确定性分辨

依靠单光子来表示量子态和多轨光学网络来进行幺正变换，我们针对普适的、可编程的量子状态区分给出了一套方案，能对两个未知三维量子态给出最优化的明确分辨     

关于Markov量子态的一些刻画

利用算子理论和矩阵论的方法,给出研究Markov量子态的意义.根据Markov量子态的定义及von Neumann熵的相关性质证明出一个纯态是Markov量子态的两个充要条件以及一个混合态是Markov量子态的两个充分条件.     

一类两体非X-型量子态的量子失谐

量子失谐是近年来被发现的除量子纠缠外很重要的一种量子关联,是量子信息中两种表达式的差异.针对两体X-型量子态的量子失谐的研究有很多,但对两体非X-型量子态的研究较少.讨论一类含4个参数的两体非X-型量子态的量子失谐.通过对量子测量进行酉变换,得到经典量子关联.最后运用拉格朗日乘数法来求其量子失谐的极值,给出这类两体非X-型量子态量子失谐的解析解.     

极小最大量子态区分

得到在未知先验概率的情况下,区分三个非正交量子态的最优概率,给出了求解这类问题的公式,同时,把这类区分和Bayesian非正交量子态的区分相比较。该方法可以推广到N个非正交量子态问题的区分。     

量子态的相位测量

阐述了一种新的测量量子态相位信息的方法及其原理. 通过测量由时域对称场所制备的量子态的量子干涉效应, 实现了对量子态的相位信息的提取和测量. 给出了该物理模型下的测量结果的解析表示, 揭示了被测量子态的相位信息和周期演化规律. 在理论上提出了实现可见光范围内几何相位测量的有效方法.     

任意单光子两自由度量子态的概率远程制备

量子态远程制备为量子信息的传输提供了一种有效的方法.基于共享的部分超纠缠Bell态,提出了任意单光子极化-时间自由度量子态的远程制备方案.发送方根据待制备的量子态信息对手中光子进行幺正操作,通过单光子投影测量和单向经典通信帮助接收方制备出初始量子态,并给出了该方案的成功概率.     

测量基角度偏差对单量子态隐形传送的影响研究

量子隐形传态是量子信息传输的一种重要方式，在量子态传送过程中不可避免地存在信道噪声。本文构造了一组测量算符以分析量子态与测量算符偏差角度的关系，并给出了量子测量信道的信道传递矩阵。通过对未知单量子态隐形传送协议的分析，给出了发送方和接收方测量基的旋转偏差对量子态传送结果的影响，其中接收方的判定概率不再恒为0.25，且从测量信道获取的量子平均互信息量在旋转角为0或π时达到最大值。     

基于平方根测量的最小错误区分

首先定义了一组量子态可区分、可明确区分的概念,并分别得到了一组量子态可区分、可明确区分的充要条件。随后,给出了最小错误区分的数学描述。最后,提出了构造平方根测量的方法并讨论了利用平方根测量区分任意一组量子态问题,得到了出现错误的平均概率的上界。     

一个计算量子态密度数的公式

本文给出一个计算Г空间量子态密度数的公式。     

旋波近似下的量子Zeno效应时间

频繁对系统进行量子测量会产生阻抑不稳定量子态衰减的量子Zeno效应。通过对哈密顿量以及不稳定量子态进行中岛变换,在薛定谔绘景下直接计算出量子Zeno效应时间,得出弱耦合情况下发生量子Zeno效应所需的最基本条件,给出量子Zeno效应时间与测量光场频率、耦合强度及不稳定量子态自身能级间隔之间的关系。     

Quantum Size-Dependent Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility in Semiconductor Quantum Dots

The density matrix approach has been employed to investigate the optical nonlinear polarization in a single semiconductor quantum dot(QD). Electron states are considered to be confined within a quantum dot with infinite potential barriers. It is shown, by numerical calculation, that the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities for a typical Si quantum dot is dependent on the quantum size of the quantum dot and the frequency of incident light.     

Quantum-coherent coupling of a mechanical oscillator to an optical cavity mode

Optical laser fields have been widely used to achieve quantum control over the motional and internal degrees of freedom of atoms and ions, molecules and atomic gases. A route to controlling the quantum states of macroscopic mechanical oscillators in a similar fashion is to exploit the parametric coupling between optical and mechanical degrees of freedom through radiation pressure in suitably engineered optical cavities. If the optomechanical coupling is 'quantum coherent'--that is, if the coherent coupling rate exceeds both the optical and the mechanical decoherence rate--quantum states are transferred from the optical field to the mechanical oscillator and vice versa. This transfer allows control of the mechanical oscillator state using the wide range of available quantum optical techniques. So far, however, quantum-coherent coupling of micromechanical oscillators has only been achieved using microwave fields at millikelvin temperatures. Optical experiments have not attained this regime owing to the large mechanical decoherence rates and the difficulty of overcoming optical dissipation. Here we achieve quantum-coherent coupling between optical photons and a micromechanical oscillator. Simultaneously, coupling to the cold photon bath cools the mechanical oscillator to an average occupancy of 1.7?±?0.1 motional quanta. Excitation with weak classical light pulses reveals the exchange of energy between the optical light field and the micromechanical oscillator in the time domain at the level of less than one quantum on average. This optomechanical system establishes an efficient quantum interface between mechanical oscillators and optical photons, which can provide decoherence-free transport of quantum states through optical fibres. Our results offer a route towards the use of mechanical oscillators as quantum transducers or in microwave-to-optical quantum links.     

光场压缩态与纠缠态的增强及量子信息网络

光场压缩态和纠缠态是进行量子精密测量和量子信息研究的重要资源.文章简要介绍光场压缩态和纠缠态的增强及其在量子密钥分发、连续变量多组分纠缠态光场的制备、量子通信网络和量子计算中的应用.     

Laser cooling and real-time measurement of the nuclear spin environment of a solid-state qubit

Control over quantum dynamics of open systems is one of the central challenges in quantum science and engineering. Coherent optical techniques, such as coherent population trapping involving dark resonances, are widely used to control quantum states of isolated atoms and ions. In conjunction with spontaneous emission, they allow for laser cooling of atomic motion, preparation and manipulation of atomic states, and rapid quantum optical measurements that are essential for applications in metrology. Here we show that these techniques can be applied to monitor and control individual atom-like impurities, and their local environment, in the solid state. Using all-optical manipulation of the electronic spin of an individual nitrogen-vacancy colour centre in diamond, we demonstrate optical cooling, real-time measurement and conditional preparation of its nuclear spin environment by post-selection. These methods offer potential applications ranging from all-optical nanomagnetometry to quantum feedback control of solid-state qubits, and may lead to new approaches for quantum information storage and processing.     

两电子量子环的磁场效应

使用矩阵对角化方法,研究了磁场中两电子量子环自旋单态和三重态的电学和光学性质,发现磁场强度对两电子量子环的能谱和光吸收有强烈的影响.计算结果显示两电子量子环的光吸收系数可以达到107/m,这个结果要比两电子量子点高一个数量级.通过引入磁场和改变量子环半径可以获得较大的吸收系数.     

非经典光场及其在量子信息中的应用

扼要介绍连续变量纠缠态光场产生的实验方法,及其在量子离物传态,量子密集编码,受控密集编码,量子纠缠交换及量子通信网络中的应用.     

The quantum internet

Quantum networks provide opportunities and challenges across a range of intellectual and technical frontiers, including quantum computation, communication and metrology. The realization of quantum networks composed of many nodes and channels requires new scientific capabilities for generating and characterizing quantum coherence and entanglement. Fundamental to this endeavour are quantum interconnects, which convert quantum states from one physical system to those of another in a reversible manner. Such quantum connectivity in networks can be achieved by the optical interactions of single photons and atoms, allowing the distribution of entanglement across the network and the teleportation of quantum states between nodes.     

W类态三纠缠原子与二项式光场相互作用过程中光场的量子特性

采用全量子理论, 研究处于W类态的三纠缠原子与二项式光场相互作用过程中光场的量子特性; 运用数值方法, 讨论了三纠缠原子初始状态和二项式光场系数对系统光场压缩和二阶相干特性的影响.