基于遗传算法的带内流低阻车身气动优化

通过建立18个参数的参数化模型,并开发了基于遗传算法的全局优化方法,展开带内流的车身气动优化,获得了气动阻力系数为0.261的低阻优化外形.比较最优车身的仿真和试验结果发现,气动阻力系数仅相差4%,表面压力系数和不同截面速度分布趋势相同、量值相差较小,表明所采用数值仿真方法是正确、可行的.利用本征正交分解对车身尾部截面流场进行能量分解发现,前9阶模态占总能量的54.5%;能量占比最高的1阶模态呈现出尾部拖曳涡的形态,并且拖曳涡的涡核位置不随时间变化而变化.建立了带内流的全局优化方法,获得了经试验验证的带内流低阻车身,为相关产品开发提供借鉴方法和外形参考.     

基于主断面参数的车身结构刚度链快速求解

在刚度链计算模型中直接利用真实主断面参数快速求解,是车身结构刚度链设计方法必须解决的关键问题.在建立和完善轿车车身弯曲静刚度链计算模型的基础上,以刚度链节点参数可控和工程化为目标,建立了刚度链节点参数与主断面截面属性参数的对应关系,研究了利用极坐标法控制真实主断面形状的参数化方法,以及由单一变量控制的复杂截面属性计算方法,实现了刚度链节点属性的参数化计算和刚度链模型计算参数的工程化,为基于真实主断面结构形状的车身静刚度优化分配研究打下了基础.最后用一个车身轻量化优化计算实例验证了研究方法的可行性.     

基于“草图跟踪”的复杂曲面设计方法

介绍了基于原有产品图片资料的三维重建方法,即根据被仿制车型的图片资料,从二维信息中提取三维信息,在三维空间中重新构造出二维信息所对应的三维形体,重构汽车外形主模型的建模方法·利用CATIA软件中的草图跟踪模块,在3D视角中引入实际车身大小外形草图图像,作为构建车身三维几何模型的基础,依据现有参数化曲面理论和应用软件曲面造型方法,结合产品的外形情况,采用曲面分块车身建模方法,对车身建模和创新设计过程中涉及的关键技术进行了分析·     

电动车全铝框架式车身拓扑分析及参数化优化方法

针对电动车全铝框架式车身优化时应当兼顾多种类型的型材和板材变量的问题,提出一种基于拓扑优化及隐式参数化模型的集成多目标优化方法。为了获得材料分布及载荷传递合理的框架式车身结构作为后续多目标优化的参考,概念设计阶段对原车身进行拓扑优化设计。基于拓扑优化结果建立车身隐式参数化模型,并利用参数化模型建立响应面近似模型以实现全铝框架式车身多目标优化的自动流程化。结果表明,全铝框架式车身在各项性能保持在目标范围的前提下减重11.9%。因此,基于拓扑优化及隐式参数化模型的集成多目标优化方法能够有效提高全铝框架式车身轻量化优化的效率和准确性。     

轿车车身强度及刚度有限元分析

为了便于修改和调整轿车整车的有限元模型,提高有限元模型生成速度,对轿车车身和车架的强度和刚度进行有限元分析。应用参数化曲面造型技术、参数化变量技术实现整车的映射网格自动剖分,应用薄壳单元和厚壳单元模拟车身和车架,建立了全板壳单元轿车车身骨架有限元计算模型。采用映射网格单元来分析计算,优化处理存储数据,使得车身、车架变形和应力分布的分析计算速度更快、精度更高,并且获得更好的分析结果。在弯曲、扭转工况下对轿车车身进行强度、刚度分析,计算出变形和应力最大部位,并依据最大应力区,提出改进方案,降低了最大应力。     

基于刚度链的纯电动汽车车身主断面优化设计

基于梁单元车身简化几何模型建立以主断面为节点的车身静态和动态刚度链数学模型,研究电动车车身主断面属性与刚度以及模态的关系;以车身刚度、模态为约束条件,以车身质量最小为目标函数进行多目标优化,并利用遗传算法求解,得到同时满足静态刚度和频率特性要求的电动汽车车身主断面属性参数。建立对应的车身骨架有限元模型计算刚度及模态,并与刚度链优化结果进行对比分析。对比分析结果验证了本文研究方法的合理性和有效性。     

阻挫磁性链中自旋流体二聚化相变点计算的一个有效方法

应用双时格林函数这一有效的方法,考虑自旋为S=1／2的海森堡反铁磁链中最近邻和次近邻的作用,通过使用简单的退耦近似——无规相近似,解析地计算得到了低维阻挫系统由自旋流体向二聚化转变的临界值为αc=0.242.计算方法简单,计算结果与其它理论结果一致.     

隐式参数化白车身多目标协同优化设计

利用参数化建模软件SFE-CONCEPT建立了某轿车白车身的参数化模型,用仿真方法分析了白车身的静态弯扭刚度、主要低阶模态频率并与试验对比,再将白车身与动力总成、底盘连接后,对整车正碰性能进行仿真分析,并与试验对比,验证了所建参数化白车身的有效性.由于安全性分析属于非线性分析,传统优化方法通常需要人工介入,无法实现优化流程的全自动化.通过编写批处理文件,提取安全性能指标,实现白车身结构轻量化优化流程的自动化.白车身结构轻量化优化后弯曲刚度提升0.15%,扭转刚度降低0.03%,一阶扭转模态频率提高1.30%,一阶弯曲模态频率提高0.09%,碰撞安全性能基本不变的情况下,白车身质量降低24.17kg,减重率高达7.42%,取得了显著的轻量化效果.      

基于概念设计的客车车身结构设计与优化系统

针对客车车身结构概念设计的特点，开发了客车车身结构概念设计与优化系统（简称BCD），建立了参数化的客车车身结构概念模型.以该模型为模板，实现了新客车车身结构概念几何模型的创建和车身尺寸参数调整，同时建立了车身系统的静态刚度分析、低阶模态分析、灵敏度计算和优化设计计算的自动化过程，对车身的结构性能和低阶模态进行了有效的预估.最后，本文使用该系统计算了某客车车身结构的刚度和低阶模态，并在保证车身质量降低的情况下实现了刚度和低阶模态的提高，有效的改善该车身结构性能，实现了车身轻量化，验证了BCD系统的有效性和可靠性.     

承载式车身结构局部改型的快速耦合参数化优化设计

针对局部改型结构建立参数化模型,并与其余有限元模型耦合,生成车身结构局部参数化耦合模型.根据性能验证该快速耦合参数化建模的可靠性以及基于该方法所建立模型优化设计的合理性.车身局部参数化耦合模型的建模准确度较高,通过试验设计及径向基函数建立的近似模型能够较好地预测车身耦合模型的性能,利用混合方法多目标优化算法求解设计变量,可实现多目标的优化设计.故快速耦合参数化优化方法在满足设计有效性同时可节省建模时间、提高优化效率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.