自适应分数阶微分在图像纹理增强中的应用

针对目前只能通过人为实验指定最佳分数阶微分阶数的现状,为了节省大量人工寻求最佳分数阶微分阶数的时间,研究并提出了可以依据掩模窗口大小、G-L公式、图像梯度特征和人眼视觉特性等理论的能够自动生成分数阶微分阶数的新方法,基于该自适应阶数,设计并实现了对应的算子掩模。采用了信息熵、平均梯度等图像纹理特征评价参数做定量分析和实验验证,结果表明,该方法对任意灰度图像可以得到连续变化的增强效果,接近于最佳分数阶微分增强效果,符合人们的视觉感受,是有效的图像纹理增强方法。     

民机驾驶舱在恶劣光环境下的飞行员视觉工效研究

科学合理的光环境设计可以优化驾驶舱人机工效、提高飞机的安全可靠性,尤其对飞行员视觉、心理等方面,起到积极的指导作用。驾驶舱光环境在大型飞机人机工效综合设计研究中有重要的地位和意义,该报告首先指出了航空视觉问题的特殊性及其与人—机—环境系统的交互作用。然后从光亮度范围、光色的选择、辅助照明、眩光控制、亮度水平与易读性的关系等方面阐述了驾驶舱光环境设计的研究的意义和现状,并展望了民机驾驶舱光环境的研究方向。其次,介绍了相关的视觉理论,并从视觉工效学和实验心理学角度分析了视锐度的定义及测试手段,以及反应时间的特征及其影响因素。针对闪电、太阳直射等恶劣光环境下飞行员视觉功能受到的影响以及应对措施进行了视觉工效学研究。总结了恶劣自然光环境对飞行员视觉功能的影响,将"雷暴雨"和"穿云层"两种典型恶劣光环境的视觉特点抽象为脉冲型和阶跃型的亮度变化,以不同光环境为自变量,视锐度、反应时间和判读准确率为因变量,在全尺寸模拟驾驶舱中对10名被试进行了视觉工效学实验。以判读准确率作为参数,对视锐度和反应时间进行了速度-准确性平衡修正。数据分析结果表明,两种典型的恶劣光环境对视锐度有显著的负面影响;阶跃型光环境变化场景下的反应时间会显著增加,而脉冲场景下的反应速度会所有提高。这些影响都可以被雷暴雨灯提供的背景亮度所消除。两两对比分析后,建议飞行员应该在遇到恶劣光环境之前打开雷暴灯,这样其视觉功能将始终不受光环境突变的影响。针对夜间飞行眩光对飞行员视觉绩效的影响展开研究,选取探测驾驶舱外界目标的反应时间、对于显示器出现视标的探测和识别的阈值尺寸3个因变量作为视觉绩效的评价指标,研究了眩光源亮度、眩光源立体角,背景亮度3个变量对于反应时间的影响以及眩光源表面亮度、显示器视标亮度两个变量对于显示器视标识别绩效的影响。实验结果显示,眩光源表面亮度的提高会增大显示器视标的探测和识别阈值尺寸,但该增量会随着视标亮度的提高而减小,而视标亮度的升高则会减小对于视标的探测和识别阈值尺寸,当视标亮度大于9 cd/m2,阈值尺寸随眩光源表面亮度和视标亮度的变化率趋近于0。该实验结果可以对驾驶舱和飞机场照明的防眩光设计提供一定的理论依据。     

环境工效综合影响因素及机理研究

该研究前期通过对波音、空客全系列驾驶舱设计进行文献调研和在空客、波音实际驾舱内的进行实地飞行调研和测量,提取了可能影响飞行员视觉工效的关键环境因素,针对调研结果设立了实验目标。同时,建立驾驶舱照明三维沉浸式半物理仿真平台评估系统,用以评估机舱照明状况。在这一实验平台的基础上,设计与开展一系列的视觉工效学实验,获得在多个环境参数变化下,驾驶舱内视觉疲劳、作业绩效及对视觉信息获得的准确程度随参数变化的实验数据库,建立基于关键环境因素变化的视觉舒适、视觉疲劳和作业绩效的评估模型。在前期研究成果基础上,该研究在上一年度进一步完善实验平台,搭建驾驶舱简易模型,编写驾驶舱照明环境视觉工效试验软件作为工效学实验研究的工具,同时在白天和黑夜场景下开展了一系列多角度驾驶舱光照环境和多眼位眩光试验。该课题组汇总了前期开展的13项驾驶舱视觉工效学研究,总结了色温、眩光源亮度、眩光源视场角、眩光源立体角、目标周围背景亮度、目标类型、目标亮度、目标颜色、目标视张角、目标振动方向、目标振动频率、目标振动振幅、目标位置、观察距离、频闪、亮度阶跃、环境光类型、环境亮度和实验时段各因素对被试主观评价、视觉作业绩效和反应时的影响程度。在此基础上构建驾驶舱环境评估模型,总共分为安全告警、探测反应和舒适偏好3个子模块,安全告警模块主要包含非视觉生理安全、眩光安全和信息可读性等。在安全告警模块中将提出安全范围的区间。探测反应模块主要是考察速率-准确率这一变量,它受到亮度对比度、座舱人工照明背景亮度、立体角度等因素的影响。此模块将建立速率-准确率与影响因素函数模型,并引入外界眩光源、恶劣天气条件光参数、飞机振动等控制变量。舒适偏好模块主要受照度、色温、眩光源和噪音等因素影响。驾驶舱环境评估模型的构建将分别以各子模块为因变量建立子模型,同时以总体评分为因变量建立总模型。     

一种动态窗口调整IAE滤波器的立体视觉测量滤波

针对运动物体的立体视觉测量滤波问题进行研究,引入IAE（innovation-based adaptive estimation）滤波器,并提出了一种IAE窗口动态调整的方法.先通过IAE对噪声方差估计的误差与窗口宽度的关系,限定了宽度的取值范围,再依据物体运动的深度变化率计算噪声标准差的变化率,以此动态调整滤波器窗口的宽度,从而提高IAE对噪声统计特性的估计精度.实验结果表明,所提出算法具有良好的滤波效果.      

含稀散金属铟的室温离子液体氯化正丁基吡啶的电化学分析

合成了含稀散金属铟的氯化正丁基吡啶体系,用电化学工作站进行循环伏安实验,对室温离子液体的碱性、中性、酸性体系分别进行分析.实验中的工作电极分别为玻碳电极和铂电极,参比电极分别为铟电极和铝电极,辅助电极分别为玻碳电极和铂电极.实验结果表明:在其他条件不变的情况下,工作电极为玻碳电极的效果较好;铟参比电极和铝电极对实验结果的影响不大;铟电极和铂电极作为辅助电极,对实验结果基本上没有影响.改变温度及扫描速率,比较不同的条件对实验结果的影响.实验结果表明,在温度为50～60 ℃范围内实验效果较好.将峰电流对扫描速率的平方根作图,对电极反应的可逆性进行了研究,在中性条件下得到了室温离子液体的电化学窗口.     

银电极表面吸附苯甲酸的SERS光谱

表面增强喇曼散射(SERS)光谱的实验和理论研究已有近十年的历史,实验工作主要为新样品和新电极材料的研究,SERS光谱的应用研究也在逐步展开,银电极表面吸附吡啶、六氢吡啶、硫脲和硫氰酸钠分子(离子)的SERS光谱研究已有报道,实验研究给出影响SERS光谱表面增强效应的因素较多。本文就苯甲酸 KCl水溶液系统,通过改变实验条件,获得的银电极表面吸附苯甲酸根离子的SERS光谱作简单介绍。一、样品配制和银电极预处理     

重力卫星时变重力场去相关滤波算法参数选择

由于重力场模型球谐系数高阶次项相关误差,利用GRACE(Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment)时变重力场反演地表质量迁移的结果会呈现出显著的南北条带误差。而滑动窗口多项式滤波算法是处理相关误差的有效方法之一,为了提高该算法的去相关效果,本文根据对GRACE时变重力场模型数据的去相关处理结果,分析并选取该算法的最优参数。实验结果表明：GRACE时变重力场的起算阶数、滑动窗口宽度和多项式阶数应分别选取15阶、5个点和4阶。     

基于单目视觉的机器人人工势场法路径规划研究

本文对国内外智能移动机器人的研究现状和发展趋势进行了分析,介绍了机器人单目视觉场景的基本单目视觉,分析了传统人工势场法在路径规划上存在的问题,为进一步研究单目视觉控制下的机器人进行人工势场法路径规划的问题作了准备.其次重点介绍了改进后的人工势场法的基本原理,对现有算法进行了优化,公式推导结果显示其解决了传统人工势场法中对于目标点不可到达的问题,并且进行实验仿真,仿真结果表明本文方法达到预期的目标.     

脉冲放电激发反电晕的研究

针对高压脉冲电源反电晕放电进行实验研究。采用正极性固态Marx脉冲发生器作为放电电源，以中间添加蜂窝介质的针板作为放电电极，设置正极性矩形高压脉冲输出电压为0～20 kV可调，工作频率为0～1000 Hz可调，脉冲宽度为10～500 μs可调，进行反电晕放电实验，并根据电源和电极参数对影响放电电流大小的因素进行分析。进一步，在相同放电电极参数条件下，将高压脉冲反电晕与直流反电晕进行了对比研究。研究结果表明：介质厚度、针板间距、脉冲宽度和放电频率均对反电晕放电电流有一定影响；在脉冲放电频率为100～1000 Hz时，发生反电晕的相同电压下，脉冲反电晕放电电流大于直流反电晕放电电流，证明高压脉冲激发反电晕放电效果更好。     

基于单目视觉的机器人人工势场法路径规划研究

本文对国内外智能移动机器人的研究现状和发展趋势进行了分析,介绍了机器人单目视觉场景的基本单目视觉,分析了传统人工势场法在路径规划上存在的问题,为进一步研究单目视觉控制下的机器人进行人工势场法路径规划的问题作了准备.其次重点介绍了改进后的人工势场法的基本原理,对现有算法进行了优化,公式推导结果显示其解决了传统人工势场法中对于目标点不可到达的问题,并且进行实验仿真,仿真结果表明本文方法达到预期的目标.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-