PWM型串级调速装置——GTO在交流调速装置中的应用

本文论述了可控硅逆变器逆变角影响串级调速装置功率因数的基本原理。从而阐明了当采用PWM型串级调速装置时,它的功率因数可得到一定程度的改善。从研制的PWM型串级调速装置试验结果,证明了理论分析的正确性。由于这种装置的结构和控制较简单,在实际应用中能得到较大的经济效益。     

改进的串级调速系统

本文介绍一种实用的串级调速线路——内反馈串级调速，它省去了逆变变压器，占地面积少，谐波小，逆变器采用强迫关断换流环节，产生超前无功送回电源，提高了系统的功率因数，转子用可控整流电路，它可以减少死区，控制逆变故障电流，采用补脉冲，有效地防止了逆变颠覆，提高了系统的可靠性。这些措施克服了原串级调速的很多缺点，如功率因数低、谐波大、死区大、占地多等，当然亦可根据实际情况采用不同线路，使系统简化，满足使用要求。     

两种逆变器电源对三相异步电动机性能影响的分析

分析了两种逆变器— 180°导通型和 12 0°导通型输出的非正弦电源作用于电机时产生的磁势谐波 ,给出了电机k次谐波等值电路 ,在此基础上 ,从电流、转矩、损耗等方面讨论了非正弦电源对电机性能的影响。     

一种新的电流型可控硅交流电机调速电源

该电流型可控硅交流电机调速电源,采用150°导通角,具有低百分比的高次谐波,优于120°导通角的调速电源。主电路采用可控硅整流和辅助可控硅关断的三相桥式逆变器。逆变主触发信号由单板机控制,并与同步脉冲列相“与”而成,较好地解决了脉冲变压器的饱和问题。实验所得的电流波形经谐波分析证明了预期的效果。本电源用于交流电机的调速,可以降低电机的损耗。     

内馈斩波串级调速装置设计及需要注意的几个问题

在风机、水泵等调速性能要求不高、调速范围不宽的场合,串级调速系统可以发挥很大的作用．传统的串级调速系统存在功率因数不高、需要逆变变压器等缺陷,应用受到一定限制．在内馈斩波串级调速系统中不需要使用逆变变压器,可使系统体积大大缩小,同时由于逆变器以最小逆变角运行,能够大大提高功率因数．作者分析了内馈斩波串级调速系统的工作原理及其双闭环控制策略,针对实际设计和调试中遇到的问题,给出了相关的分析和建议以及相关实验波形和结论．     

基于三电平中点箝位逆变器的高压变频调速器

针对目前工业应用中对高压大容量变频调速装置的迫切需求,设计并实现了一种基于集成门极换向晶闸管(IGCT)器件的新型6kV/1800kVA高压变频调速器。其中交流输入侧采用移相变压器隔离的24脉冲整流电路以保证输入侧功率因数大于0.96;中间直流环节直流电压为10kV;逆变部分采用三电平中点箝位(NPC)电压型逆变器,并采用2只4.5kV的IGCT器件串联运行,逆变器输出线电压为6kV。NPC逆变器采用变频特定消谐脉冲宽度调制(SHE-PWM),且输出采用LC滤波器来减小dv/dt及谐波畸变率。装置采用IGCT作为电子开关取代传统的快速熔断器进行快速的桥臂过电流保护。装置试验表明这种高压变频器具有很好的性能及可靠性。     

方波电源供电六相异步电动机的谐波分析

六相恒流电机是一种作为二重化电流源型逆变器负载的特殊电机，采用了空间３０°相带绕组，能较好的缓解由于恒流源供电而产生的谐波问题。作者对此电机旋转磁场的各次时间、空间谐波进行了全面的分析，给出相应的等值电路及谐波损耗、谐波转矩的计算方法。并对一台电机进行了具体数值计算。     

基于12扇区的光伏逆变谐波控制的空间矢量脉宽调制技术

研究了三相光伏逆变谐波控制的空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术。SVPWM技术在光伏逆变谐波控制中运用广泛,但传统6扇区SVPWM技术不能较大的提高逆变中的电能质量。由于6扇区SVPWM技术将逆变器电压空间矢量均分为6份,致使逆变器输出侧电压波形不能最大化接近正弦波形,从而导致其谐波含量较大的问题。针对这一问题,提出了基于12扇区的光伏逆变谐波控制的SVPWM技术。仿真结果表明,12扇区SVPWM技术在提高电能质量,消除逆变电压和电流中的谐波含量比6扇区SVPWM技术更具有优越性。     

新型三相四线制串级调速系统的建模与仿真

以提高串级调速系统的功率因数为目的，利用软件包SIMULINK以电气原理图为基础，以一种类似于电路绘制的建模方式，仿真研究了一种新型三相四线制串级调速系统。对该系统的逆变桥的特点、触发脉冲的规律进行了论述。对其特有的逆变桥、触发器通过子系统封装的方式定制和创建自己的模块，仿真研究了其提高功率因数的原理。仿真研究了新型三相四线制串级调速系统的速度调节、主回路的相关波形、在不同转速下新型三相四线制串级调速系统的有功功率、无功功率情况。仿真结果表明该系统的功率因数较普通串级调速系统有明显的提高。     

基于并联逆变器的并联型功率因数校正技术研究

提出了并联于电源与负载之间的并联型功率因数校正技术,采用倍频载波相移SPWM技术的并联逆变器作为主电路结构,降低功率器件的电流等级,提高逆变器的等效开关频率.从电源电压和逆变器直流侧电容电压提取电源电流的指令电流的相位和幅值信息,采用电压外环PI调节电流内环P调节实现电源电流与电源电压同频同相,控制算法简单,鲁棒性好.进行了仿真和实验验证,带线性及非线性负载时功率因数达到0.99,谐波畸变率低,结果证明了并联型PFC的正确性和有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.