乌金山森林群落特征及林下物种多样性的研究

选取晋中市榆次区乌金山群落分布比较集中的地段,设计11个样地,采用样方法进行调查研究.分析了乌金山森林群落的种类组成、群落外貌、垂直结构和水平结构等群落学特征,并对该群落的环境概况进行分析,计测了不同地段上群落的频度、盖度指标和不同层次上的丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数.结果表明:在乌金山海拔950 m-1450 m之间,群落分为乔、灌、草3个层次,乔木层为油松单优组成,外貌特征上以地面芽植物为主.其林下物种多样性指数与海拔高度有密切的关系.随着海拔的升高,森林群落的丰富度指数呈上升趋势,均匀度指数呈平缓下降的趋势,多样性指数变化趋势不明显;乌金山植物群落的物种多样性指数和丰富度指数明显受群落类型和群落结构的影响,群落结构越复杂,丰富度指数和物种多样性指数越大,均匀度指数越小.

The survey on the Age Class Structure of Pinus tabulae formis Population in Wujin Mountain

The age class structure of Pinus tabulae formis population in Wujin Mountain was investigated on the basis of the population life tables and survival analysis theory by the technique of smoothing. The results show that the age class structure of pine species is stable, but the seedlings, saplings are relatively less, and that the mortality of pine species curve appears two peaks -one age class in the first stage 5th,6th and gth, the other age class in the 12th stage; and survival curve takes on Deevey- Ⅱ type.