需求和成本扰动下闭环供应链的应急决策及协调研究

针对突发事件干扰需求和成本扰动的情况,构建了零售商回收、制造商回收和第三方回收等类别闭环供应链的应急决策模型。研究表明:在3类回收系统和集中式决策系统中,相比较正常运营环境下的均衡决策,当需求和成本的综合扰动程度不大时,产品销售量和废旧品回收率等均具鲁棒性,但应随市场需求扰动方向调整产品的批发价和销售价;当需求和成本的综合扰动程度较大时,应随市场需求扰动方向同时调整产品的批发价、销售价、销售量和废旧品的回收率;当需求减少和成本增加的综合扰动程度很大时, 3类回收系统和集中式决策系统会被破坏;在需求和成本扰动的各类情况下,制造商选择MRCRM系统运营可获得较大利润;当需求减少和成本增加的综合扰动程度超过一定阈值时,因集中式决策系统会承担较多的额外处理成本,使得利润减少较多,故其利润会小于MRCRM系统的总利润,在其他扰动情况下,可通过应急收益费用共享契约协调解决MRCRM系统中存在的“双重边际效应”问题,提高系统的运营效率,并使各成员均获得帕累托改进的利润。

Channel decisions and coordination of closed-loop supply chain under demand and cost disruptions

Considering demand and cost are disrupted by emergency events, there are three CLSC emergency models, i.e. retailer collecting, manufacturer collecting and third-party collecting. In the three decentralized collecting systems and centralized decision system, compared with equilibrium decisions in normal environment, when the disruptions of demand and cost are not large, sales quantity of products and collecting rate of used products have some robustness, but the wholesale price and selling price of products should be adjusted along the same direction with demand disruption; when the disruptions of demand and cost are large, the wholesale price, selling price, sales quantity of products and collecting rate of used products should be adjusted along the same direction with demand disruption; when the degree of demand decreasing and cost increasing are large, the three decentralized collecting systems and centralized decision system are all destroyed. In each case of demand and cost disruptions, manufacturer can obtain more profits by MRCRM system; when the degree of demand decreasing and cost increasing exceeds a certain threshold, the profits of centralized decision system decrease resulted from assuming more extra disposing costs, which results in its profits are less than MRCRM system. Furthermore, in other disruption cases, emergency revenue and expense sharing contract can solve "double marginalization" problems in MRCRM system, which improves system's operation efficiency and makes each member get Pareto improved profits.