基于仿生学的新型脱水管设计及其强化脱水规律

脱水管类型是影响非胶结充填体脱水技术的关键因素之一。基于仿生学设计新型脱水管，以某铁矿尾砂为例，通过脱水试验对比分析新型脱水管的脱水效率和脱水效果，研究强化脱水规律。试验结果表明：脱水管根系状设计可以增加脱水管过水面积和减小渗流距离。新型脱水管相比普通脱水管，脱水时间减少了20%,累计脱水量增加了10.3%;引入尾砂流失量作为评价脱水管脱水效果的依据，新型脱水管相比普通脱水管尾砂流失量减少了45%;新型脱水管强化非胶结充填体脱水的过程可划分为2个区域，即急流区和平稳区。观察到非胶结充填体与试验装置内表面形成了大量分布均匀的孔隙导水带，这也是新型脱水管能提高脱水效率的原因之一。

Design of a new dehydration tube based on bionics and its dehydration law

The type of dehydration tube is one of the key factors influencing the dehydration technology of filling. This paper designs a new dehydration tube based on the analysis of the water absorption model of plant roots and its related test devices. The dehydration efficiency and the dehydration law of the new dehydration tube for unclassified tailings non-cemented filling are studied. The test results show that the root-like design of the dehydration tube can increase the water passing area and reduce the seepage distance of the dehydration tube. Compared with the ordinary dehydration tube, the new type reduces the dehydration time by 20%, and the cumulative dehydration volume increases by 10.3%. Using the tailing loss to evaluate the dehydration effect of dehydration tube, the new type of dehydration tube has a 45% reduction in tailing loss compared with the conventional dehydrating tube. The dehydration process of the unclassified tailings non-cemented filling can be divided into 2 zones, i.e. rapid and steady flow zones, and the rapid flow zone is the key for the improved dehydration efficiency of the new type pipe. Another important factor for the improved dehydration efficiency is the large number of uniformly distributed pore water-conducting zones formed on the unclassified tailings non-cemented filling and the inner surface of the test device.