气凝胶复合材料抗弹性能的研究

使用球形弹丸对硅气凝胶、有机气凝胶和碳气凝胶复合材料进行靶试实验,研究3种气凝胶复合材料的抗弹性能.实验表明:气凝胶作为面板可以有效提高复合靶板的抗弹能力;在子弹冲击过程中,气凝胶表现出明显的应变率强化效应,吸收子弹动能的能力显著提高;当气凝胶作为夹层,铝合金为面板和背板时,面板由于没有足够的背强作用而发生弯曲破坏,导致靶板整体抗弹性能提高不明显;有机气凝胶具有较高的动态压缩强度和较大的动态失效应变,因此其抗弹性能较好;硅气凝胶的动态压缩强度虽然低于碳气凝胶的动态压缩强度,但是其动态失效应变高于碳气凝胶的动态失效应变,因此硅气凝胶与碳气凝胶的抗弹能力相当.

Research on the Anti-Bullet Properties of Aerogel Composite Materials

Anti-bullet properties of silica aerogel, organic aerogel and carbon aerogel composite materials were investigated by target experiment using spherical projectile. Results show that when aerogels are used as faceplate, aerogels could improve the anti-bullet property of composite target obviously. Aerogels display a remarkable strain rate strengthening effect when they are impacted by projectile, which could improve the energy absorption capability of aerogels. When aerogels are sandwiched by aluminum alloy, aluminum alloy faceplate fails by bend due to the insufficient support of the aerogels interlayer, thus the anti-bullet property of composite target improves slightly. Organic aerogel has relatively high dynamic compressive strength and high dynamic failure strain, thus the anti-bullet property of organic aerogel is better than other aerogels. Silica aerogel has lower dynamic compressive strength than carbon aerogel. However, the dynamic failure strain of silica aerogel is higher than that of carbon aerogel. Thus the anti-bullet property of silica aerogel is similar to that of carbon aerogel.