特长隧道群出入口段驾驶员瞳孔大小变化规律

山区高速公路特长隧道群出入口段是行车风险较高的路段,隧道出入口段的黑白洞效应对驾驶员的视觉影响显著,为了研究该路段的驾驶员瞳孔大小随着与隧道洞口距离的变化情况,通过实车试验采集了10名男性驾驶员在雅康高速公路喇叭河隧道群路段行驶的瞳孔直径数据,分析了该隧道群路段各个隧道出入口的驾驶员瞳孔直径大小变化数据,采用统计检验和多元线性模型的方法得到了隧道群路段隧道出入口的驾驶员瞳孔直径预测模型。试验表明:在隧道群不同隧道的入口段,驾驶员瞳孔直径呈现后倾向W形波动趋势,在出口段则呈现后倾向M形波动趋势,在隧道前后的基本路段,驾驶员瞳孔直径处于2.8～3.5 mm,适应隧道内暗环境后驾驶员瞳孔直径则维持在4.0～5.0 mm。全覆盖设置遮光棚洞时,有利于短间距相邻隧道的平稳过渡,减小了驾驶员明暗适应过程中心理负荷波动程度。

Variation law of pupil size of drivers at entrances and exits of extra-long tunnel groups

The entrance and exit of the extra-long tunnel group of mountain expressway has higher driving risk. The black and white hole effect at the entrance and exit of the tunnel has a significant impact on drivers'' vision. In order to study the change of driver''s pupil with the distance from the tunnel entrance in the extra-long tunnel group of mountain expressway, It collected 10 male drivers pupil diameter data in the Yakang highway Labahe tunnel group based on the real vehicle experiment, The change of driver pupil diameter at each tunnel entrance and exit of the tunnel group were analyzed. The prediction model of driver pupil diameter at the entrances and exits of tunnel group is obtained by statistical test and multiple linear model. The test shows that the driver''s pupil fluctuates in a backward tendency of W shape at the entrance of different tunnels in the tunnel group, while in the exit section, it fluctuates in a backward tendency of M shape. In the basic section before and after the tunnel, the pupil diameter of the drivers was between 2.8 mm and 3.5mm, After adapting to the dark environment in the tunnel, the pupil diameter of the driver remained between 4.0mm and 5.0mm.When the shading hole is set in full coverage, it is conducive to the smooth transition of the adjacent tunnel with short spacing, and reduces the fluctuation degree of the driver''s psychological load in the process of light and shade adaptation.