杨树锈病抗性遗传特性及基因克隆策略研究进展

杨树全基因组测序工作显示,抗病基因往往呈簇状分布,采用合理的策略克隆出物理上独立的抗病基因,可为抗病育种工作提供捷径。笔者从杨树锈病病原菌生物学特性、寄主对锈菌的抗性、抗锈病基因克隆等几个方面分析了近年来关于杨树抗性遗传位点的确定,抗性基因克隆策略的发展及可能的应用,并对杨树抗病育种工作进行了展望。

Genetic resistance and gene clone for leaf rusts in poplars

Poplars are important tree species for industrial plantations in our country.Populus tomentosa is the native species widely planted in China.The imported elite hybrid clones selected from crosses between P.deltoides and P.euroamericana dominant the majority of the poplar plantations.An epidemic outbreak of leaf rust disease caused by Melampsora spp.has not been observed in the commercial plantations in our country.However,leaf rust disease is one of the most damaging diseases that affect cultivated poplars in many regions in the world.Leaf rust infections can cause substantial damage to poplar plantations.As one of the most important cultivated commercial tree species,poplar breeding materials are frequently exchanged internationally.Thus various Melampsora species are spreading out fast nowadays.The better understanding of the genetic mechanism for the resistance to leaf rusts is essentially important to control the outbreak of the epidemic of leaf rusts.Which pathogenic species can cause most of the damages and what kind of breeding strategy should be taken for leaf rusts resistance? The recent accomplished Poplar Genome Sequencing Project revealed that the R genes commonly clustered in the poplar genome.Thus how to clone the physically independent R gene is a good question to explore.The progress in the study of leaf rust diseases in poplars is reviewed.The objectives of the paper is to supply reference for importing activities and for rust disease resistance breeding programs in poplars.