新疆和田地区水资源及农业可持续发展

和田是一个水资源相对贫乏的内陆干旱区,同时,由于水资源时空分布不均,加之水利工程建设滞后,管理薄弱,更加加剧了农业发展与生态环境保护用水的矛盾,干旱缺水已成为国民经济和社会发展的主要制约因素.和田农业灌溉用水量占总用水量的92%,由于灌溉方式落后,灌溉水的有效利用率低.和田土地面积广阔,水资源短缺,生态环境脆弱,灌溉农业发展受到水资源问题的严重制约,21世纪随着各行业用水需求的大幅度增加,农业用水在社会总用水量中的比重将会不断下降,新增灌溉面积所需水量和被挤占的生态用水量将主要通过节水挖潜,从现有用水份额中解决和退还.为此,解决本世纪和田农业经济发展和生态保护问题,实现农业经济的可持续发展,必须发展高效农业和节水农业.

Water Resource and Agricultural Sustainable Development of Hotan, Xinjiang

Hotan is an arid region whei:e water resource is relatively short and because of the difference of water resource distribution,poor condition of water engineering construction,weakness of management,the conflicts between agricultural development and water consuming of eco-environmental protection are increased.Aridness and water shortness hasalready been the restricting factor of national economy and development of society.The irrigation water was occupied 92% of all using-water in Hotan that the efficiency of water is not developed at all.In Hotan where it has wide land resource and short qvater resource,irrigated agricultural development was restricted by water resource.The proportion of water consuming in agriculture is decreasing with increasing of water requirement in other fields in 21 century.Saving water in current usage can solve the requirement of waters in new irrigated area and ecologically consumed waters.Therefor,in order to solve agricultural economic development and ecological protection in Hotan we must carry out sustainable development in agriculture and develop water-saving and high efficiency-agriculture.