基于线粒体基因的云南省烟田烟蚜茧蜂的种群遗传多样性研究

选取了云南省11州市主要烟区的6个烟田种群、13个工厂繁育种群以及1个野生种群,基于线粒体atp6、cox1、cob和nad2 4个蛋白质编码基因开展了种群遗传多样性研究.解析云南省主要烟区烟田烟蚜茧蜂种群的遗传多样性特点,为烟蚜茧蜂的科学释放和蜂种复壮提供理论依据.结果发现,在105个个体中共检测到158个多态性位点和4种单倍型;20个种群中只有8个,具有遗传多样性,核苷酸多样性在0.000 46～0.008 08之间;除了保山的工厂繁育种群和普洱的野生种群与其他种群的遗传分化系数较大外,各地烟田和工厂繁育种群之间无明显分化.可见,云南省主要烟区烟田的烟蚜茧蜂种群遗传多样性较低,且与工厂繁育种群的遗传背景高度一致,在一定程度上说明了人工释放的烟蚜茧蜂能够在烟田有效定殖,但目前大规模繁育和释放的烟蚜茧蜂种群遗传多样性水平较低,可能存在种群衰退的风险,导致烟蚜茧蜂田间控害能力下降,应及时引入野生种群对工厂繁育种群进行合理复壮.

A study of the genetic diversity of Aphidius gifuensis in the tobacco fields of Yunnan province based on mitochondrial gene sequences

This research aimed to reveal the genetic diversity of Aphidius gifuensis in the tobacco fields of Yunnan province, and provide a scientific theoretical basis for its scientific release and reasonable rejuvenation in the future. We collected six populations in the tobacco fields and 13 populations in the breeding factories as well as one wild population, and applied the study to the population genetic diversity by sequencing four mitochondrial protein coding genes including atp6, cox1, cob and nad2. We detected 158 segregating sites and 10 haplotypes in 105 individuals. Among 20 populations in Yunnan, only 8 populations had genetic diversity, and the nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.000 46 to 0.008 08. The genetic differentiation between Baoshan factories populations, Puer wild population and others was large, which showed a high level of differentiation. The genetic differentiation between other populations in the tobacco fields and breeding factories was small. It is concluded that the populations in the tobacco fields in Yunnan have a low level of genetic diversity and highly consistent genetic background, which demonstrates effective colonization of the released A. gifuensis in tobacco fields. However, the genetic diversity both in breeding factories and tobacco fields is low, which may lead to a population decline and poor control capacity, and thus reasonable rejuvenation should be performed with the wild populations introduced in time.