微波法处理处置污泥研究进展

 城市污水处理厂产生的剩余污泥中含有大量未稳定的致病微生物和一些有毒有害物质，污泥的处理处置问题已经得到广泛关注。微波具有高效加热的特点，将其应用到污泥处理处置技术上，一方面可以使污泥高效加热、水解，脱水性能和厌氧消化性能得到改善；另一方面，微波处理技术不需要投加任何化学药剂，不会向污泥中带入新的污染或对微生物有毒的物质，使后续处理效率更高。结合当前国内外污泥处理处置的概况，本文介绍了当前国内外微波处理污泥技术的一些代表性研究成果，包括直接利用微波在隔绝空气条件下热解污泥，获取气态、液态燃料产品，利用微波的高效加热作用破解污泥胞外物质和细胞壁，改善污泥可生化性能促进污泥厌氧消化、将微波与其他物理、化学方法联合运用处理污泥；并对微波法处理污泥的发展前景当前提出了自己的见解。

Research Progress of Sludge Treatment and Disposal with Microwave

The sewage sludge produced by municipal wastewater treatment plants contains a large number of unstabilized pathogenic microbes and other toxic and harmful substances. The sludge treatment and disposal is a widely concerned problem. This paper reviews the current state of the treatment and disposal for sewage sludge both at home and abroad. The technology of sludge treatment using microwave is discussed. Microwave is a high-efficiency heating technique, its use for sludge treatment and disposal can make quick sludge heating and hydrolysis, that will improve the sludge dewatering and anaerobic digestion capability. On the other hand, the microwave treatment technology does not involve any chemical agents and will not introduce any new pollutants or toxic substances into the sludge, therefore, will make the subsequent processing more efficient. Some representative sludge treatment technologies with microwave are analyzed, including the pyrolysis of sewage sludge by direct microwave heating to keep out of the air and to obtain gas, liquid fuel products; the disruption of sludge cell wall and extracellular substance using microwave heating to improve the biodegradability of sludge for anaerobic digestion; and the treatment of sludge by microwave together with other physical or chemical methods. The principles of these technologies are focused, and some proposals for the future research and development of the sewage sludge treatment using microwave are suggested.