三峡库区重庆段汞污染现状分析

通过分析三峡库区上游重庆段的汞污染现状及特点,表明三峡库区水域特别是重庆主城区水域中汞的污染已经较为严重,三峡水域水质基本为Ⅲ类水状态,部分江段处于Ⅳ类水,个别断面的超标因子就是汞含量。探讨了造成库区重庆段汞污染的主要原因,其污染主要来源有面源、城区点源、汞矿开采和固体废物等。面源主要是水土流失、库区燃煤;点源主要是主城区、长寿以及涪陵等沿江两岸工业、生活废水排污口;汞矿主要是乌江以及武陵地区,固体废弃物主要是沿江堆积的工业废物和生活垃圾。提出了防治汞污染的一系列技术、法规、政策措施,从源头控制汞污染,采取有效的汞污染治理方法,建立水库水质监管体系,健全机制及制定相关法规,为三峡水库的水质安全与保护提供参考。

Mercury Pollution in the Area of the Three Gorges Reservoir in Chongqing Territory

The Three Gorges Project is built to sustainably exploit the water resource of the Three Gorges Valley.Water pollution prevention is imperious.Analyzing the mercury pollution situation of the Three Gorges Reservoir area in Chongqing territory reveals that the point sources of mercury pollution are mainly the urban point sources from drainage and industrial waste in Chongqing and Changshou and the non-point sources are mainly from severe erosion of the mercury-rich lands in the lower reaches of the Wujiang River resulting in large amount of mercury-rich soil runoff into rivers.It is suggested that sloping fields in the Reservoir Region be forested,waste treatment facilities be updated,plants discharging excessive mercury be shut,contaminated sediment and waste be moved into containments at safe locations,and mercury pollutants be prevented from turning into the post poisonous methylmercury.In addition,the water qulity monitoring system should be updated and completed to identify and fix up problems in time,an effective administrative mechanism should be established and environmental legislation should be reinforced to guarantee the well-ordered operation of the giant hydraulic works.Pro-environment practices to control the mercury pollution in Chongqing territory which is at the upper end of the Reservoir are essential to the safety of the Reservoir's water resources.